China's Industrial Cooperation Movement From The Perspective Of Science And Technology

The Chinese Industrial Cooperative Movement began in 1938,suspended in 1952 and resumed in 1983.It was founded by Rewi Alley(1897-1987),Edgar Snow(1905 —1972),Helen Foster Snow(1907—1997),Xu Xinliu,Lu Guangmian and other Chinese and foreign people.It is an industrial science and technology revolution with the cooperation of small and medium-sized industry as the main line,led by the science and technology of textile,mining and metallurgy,chemistry and machine industry,and aimed at replacing handicraft industry with machine industry.It has gathered a group of industrial scientific and technological talents.Under the slogan of "work hard and work together",nearly 2000 industrial cooperatives have been established in 16 provinces across the country,operating nearly 100 industrial categories,industrial experimental research institutions and vocational and technical schools have been established,and a generation of cooperative workers with ideals,organization,skills and science have been trained.They have led this industrial science and technology revolution in remote villages and towns in China,It has achieved important changes from handicraft industry to semi machine and semi handicraft industry,and then to machine industry.After the reform and opening up,The Chinese Industrial Cooperative Movement in order to meet the needs of the Chinese four modernizations and socialism with the Chinese characteristics,it has once again become a major social issue concerned by the party and the stats.It occupies a unique position in the modern history of Our country,and the academic circle has also reaped abundant achievements.These achievements are all from the perspective of the history of war resistance,economic history,educational history,etc.,it is aimed at to examine the development course,contribution and influence of this movement,focusing on the analysis of its external social effects.However,science and technology as the core productive forces of the development and prosperity of The Chinese Industrial Cooperative Movement has rarely been mentioned.Based on this,this study adopts the text interpretation method of science and technology history,case analysis method,based on newly discovered archives and journal literature to make a comprehensive historical investigation of The Chinese Industrial Cooperative Movement from the perspective of science and technology.In order to learn from the Gungho model and its industrial national salvation spirit,industrial cooperation spirit and scientific spirit.Re-understand the role of science and technology productive forces and vocational and technical education elements in the development of small,medium and micro industry and rural industry.The research conclusion puts forward six important understandings,including:(1)The scientific spirit of Gungho is the key to its success and has rich connotation:Firstly,as a concept into the Gungho vocational and technical education of "combining hands and brain,integrating theory with practice",and has become the internal guidance for cultivating professional and technical talents;Secondly,as a warning of "Don’t destroy the future" into the practice of industrial technology improvement and innovation,which has become a fashion for Gungho to respect science and talents;Thirdly,as a kind of faith into the “Work hard,work together” industrial cooperative movement,became the power of the construction of the anti-japanese and national econominc defense line.(2)Gungho adheres to the spirit of saving the country and the spirit of industrial cooperation,promotes the development of rural industry,small,medium and micro industries,and becomes an important driving force to change the lagging industrial development in northwest China.(3)Gungho has transformed western agricultural cooperation and financial cooperation into industrial cooperation,it has created industrial and technological cooperation in many fields and departments,and opened up the highest form and unique mechanism of industrial cooperation and scientific,technological and intellectual cooperation in colleges and universities.(4)Rewi Alley was well versed in the way of developing the real economy,so he formed the circle of his life from education and education to the launch of The Chinese Industrial Cooperation Movement,and then back to the origin of education and education in his later years.This track of the industrial cooperation technology-industrial cooperation vocational education-industrial cooperation technical talents-industrial cooperation movement,and its logical chain of scientific and technological elements-support of the real economy-vocational education-skilled talents show that the only way to change backwardness is science and technology and education,and the educational concept and "Half work and half study,combination of learning and application" The education model is an unrepeatable and precious spiritual wealth,which has strong practical reference value.(5)The four central industries of textile,chemistry,mining and metallurgy and machinery lead the demonstration,it formed one of the industrial bases in the rear of the Chinese Anti Japanese war:Firstly,it has conform to the wartime industrial policy of the national government,pay attention to the development of rural industry and light industry,and complement each other with large factories;Secondly,in terms of mining and metallurgical industry,it affirmed the mining value of iron ore resources in southern Shaanxi for the first time,and changed the inherent view of the lack of iron ore in southern Shaanxi in the past;In the aspect of chemical industry,dyeing methods such as mixed fermentation of natural indigo and artificial indigo,reduction urn method of lead lime and so on were invented;In the textile industry,the invention of large hollow shuttle for textile machinery has changed the old and backward production mode;In the machinery industry,the largest machinery factory and society of Gungho was founded,and the first steam power machine in Northwest China was manufactured,which not only realized the historic turning point of machine manufacturing machinery,but also symbolized the overall improvement of the scientific and technological level in the rear area of the Anti Japanese war.(6)In addition to the lack of capital and the economic policy and raw material control policy adopted by the national government,the imperfection of science and technology system and policy is also one of the important factors.