Study On The Population Floating And Mechanism Of Public Services Providing In China

Since the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, population flow in China presents a complex situation. The system of socialist market economy is established and gradually improved. Labor force has become an important factor of production, and the economic factors have gradually become the main driver of population movements. In addition to population movements driven by economic factors, involuntary migration caused by large-scale infrastructure constructions such as large hydropower projects, highway infrastructure are very huge, due to local ecological environment deterioration resulting in ecological migration pressures are increasing. This thesis clarifies the concept of population mobility, reviews the development of the theory of population mobility, responds to China's floating population regularity and mechanisms, analyses the migration process. On this basis, floating population is categorized into market-driven migration engineering involuntary migrants and ecological migration. And the thesis also studies the movements of population's impact on the regional economy. Finally the public service strategies are given corresponding to the two kinds of population movement.What are the root causes of population movements? What are the forces that make the population leave his hometown for unfamiliar palaces? Population movement is not completely disordered, it is not driven solely by environmental or policy pressures, it follows a law of economics. The tensile force of inflowing area and the thrust force of out-flowing area determine the movements of population. This is the famous "push-pull" theory."Push and pull" theory from "push" and "pull" from two angles of the population movement as a social phenomenon has been revealed. Migration produces a series of macroeconomic effects to the whole society, such as the effects of economic growth, inflation, income effect and substitution effect, effect of population pressure.Since the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, market economy gradually replaced the original planned economy. The market becomes the basic means for the allocation of resources, and labor commercialization is possible. It makes it possible for the labor to chase after capital, technology and market and form the optimal combinations. In this way the labor maximizes its reward. The establishment and improvement of the social market economy, the change of society management system, and the change of traditional agricultural society to an industrial economy and the rise of private economy become the macroscopic background of the market-driven movement of population. Compared with the history of the movement of population in China, the current movement of population has changed significantly. The main features are:the movement of rural non-native residents becomes the mainstream of migration; In pursuit of economic interests, the number of across-regional employment of the rural population increases greatly; Regional models of population mobility also gradually changes, the Pearl River Delta absorption capacity to the floating population gradually give way to the Yangtze River Delta; At the same time,as implementation of the western development strategy and the rising strategy of central China, the strength of the eastern and western population outflow is waning.Because of the backwardness of research in involuntary immigration theory and faultiness of our country land system, our country engineering involuntary immigrant poverty risk sticks out. Engineering migration mainly leads to the risk of material damage, the risk of changing patterns of employment, the risk of losing access to public resources. At the same time the imperfect compensation system in our country further exacerbates the poverty risk of project immigrants, which results in secondary migration or return migration of immigrants. Our country existing project resettlement compensation system is mainly composed of laws, regulations and local rules. Systematicness and authority is not strong. The fragmentation is serious, mainly reflects in the unreasonable land compensation standards and flexibility. The constraints of Land property rights in our country make it difficult to protect the legal rights of the project resettlement in our country. The solidification of mode of resident relocation, without fully considering the marketization of our country and the rapid urbanization in our country, placed too much importance to land resettlement, resulting in immigration development space is limited, which leads to secondary migration; Neglecting the loss of social capital of immigrants, in the process of compensation, without consideration of compensation to the social capital of immigrants.With the development of society and economy, the scale of ecological migration in our country and the pressure is also growing. In order to achieve the harmonious development of economy, society and ecology at the same time, how to guide and protect the ecological migrants becomes a hot issue in today's society. It is different from the projection of involuntary immigrants, the subject of ecological immigration compensation is not clear, the beneficiaries is ambiguous, which leads to poor ecological compensation system in China. Ambiguous compensation principle, low compensation standard, short-period compensation, the irregular procedure of compensation, and the lack of administrative relief way are the main features of our ecological migration compensation system.In order to improve the public policy of the floating population in our country, to guide and promote the rational flow of the population, we need to make the public service dynamic, to make the public service to the floating population equalized. Recently we should solve the negative effects brought by the population flow, and try our best to improve the labor resources effective combination with other factors of production, to promote the coordinated development of different region of our country. In particular, the following several policies are suggested;(1) To optimize the basic public services through the clear responsibility at all levels of government; To optimize the public fiscal policy, to solve the poverty of the floating population, such as the negative effect because of the population flow.(2) the optimization of fiscal expenditure structure, increase the intensity of spending, strengthening supervision and regulation in further perfecting the system of social security of the floating population, to establish a basic unified urban and rural social security network.(3)in order to solve the problems such as the welfare loss of involuntary immigrants and the deficiency of public service in the immigrant resettlement place, the responsibilities among the central government and the different level local government should be clarified. Promote harmony development of economy and society.