Research On The Willingness Of Peasant Urban Migration And Ethnic Living Inter-embedded In The Urbanization Process Of Xinjiang

In recent years,Xinjiang has made some achievements in urbanization.However,there is a big gap when compared with the national level.Meanwhile,there are obvious regional differences and unbalanced urbanization development levels among different ethnic groups,which affect the common development of all ethnic groups and the harmony of ethnic relations.Therefore,the urbanization of Xinjiang is not only a problem of economic development in the usual sense,but also a problem of the common development of all ethnic groups and the harmony of ethnic relations.It is an important research topic in front of the urbanization of Xinjiang that how to promote the coordinated development of the urbanization of all ethnic groups and the social integration of all ethnic groups.Theoretical research shows that the pattern of ethnic living inter-embedded is conducive to the harmony of ethnic relations and the social integration of the floating population.Therefore,in 2014,the central government put forward the decision of “establishing social structure and community environment with each ethnic group embedded in each other” for Xinjiang.At present,the level of urbanization in Xinjiang is still relatively low.Further promoting the process of urbanization not only realizes the common urbanization of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and eliminates the ethnic groups differences in urbanization,but also provides an opportunity to promote the formation of inter-embedded communities in cities and improve ethnic relations.But both of farmers to urban migration and choice of ethnic group inter-embedded community belong to the individual farmers' willingness and it is the result of voluntary choices by farmers.Therefore,it is should be paid attention to the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded in the urbanization process of Xinjiang,and take measures to guide farmers to urban migration at the same time realizing the ethnic living inter-embedded.Therefore,we need to further study the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded in the urbanization process of Xinjiang,and explore the factors which affect the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded factors.According to these factors and based on the farmers' willingness,it take relevant measures to guide and promote the urban migration and the ethnic living inter-embedded together in Xinjiang,which promote the common development of all ethnic group and ethnic harmony,then it promote peace and stability of Xinjiang.The main contents of the study are:(1)The current status and evaluation of urbanization development and ethnic inter-embedded community construction in Xinjiang.The urbanization rate of Xinjiang and the urbanization rate of the whole country as well as the urbanization rate of the major ethnic groups in Xinjiang were compared and analyzed.By using the global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation methods,the living space aggregation of the Han,Uygur,Kazak and Hui ethnic groups were analyzed.(2)Analysis framework of the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded in the urbanization process of Xinjiang.Based on the theoretical analysis of urbanization and ethnic inter-embedded community,this paper proposes the two-stage process of urbanization in Xinjiang and the research and analysis framework of the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded in Xinjiang.(3)Study on the willingness of peasant urban migration in Xinjiang.Based on the data of 1173 questionnaires,the chi-square test of contingency table was used and improve the binary Logit regression model to analyze the influencing factors of urban migration willingness,and the influencing factors of urban migration willingness of different ethnic groups were analyzed.(4)Research on the willingness of ethnic living inter-embedded in the process of urbanization in Xinjiang.Based on the data of 1023 questionnaires of the willing to move towns,the factors influencing the willingness of ethnic groups to live in each other were analyzed by using the chi-square test of contingency table and the random forest model,and the order of importance of factors affecting different ethnic groups was studied.(5)Verification of progressive selection between the peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded in Xinjiang.In order to prevent the estimation errors caused by sample selection bias,the bivariate probit model was used to verify the rationality of establishing a separate model for the willingness of peasant urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded.The research conclusions are mainly as follows:(1)Xinjiang has made some achievements in urbanization.However,there is a big gap when compared with the national level.Meanwhile,there are obvious regional differences and unbalanced urbanization development levels among different ethnic groups.In the past,the urbanization development of Xinjiang ignored the living pattern of each ethnic group embedded in each other.At present,the construction of inter-ethnic embedded communities is still dominated by the financial input of the government,and the policy guidance of farmers' willingness is not fully considered.(2)Xinjiang should not only solve the problem of development,but also the problem of ethnic relations in urbanization.Only the harmonious relations among ethnic groups can promote the coordinated development of urbanization among ethnic groups,and then promote the economic development of Xinjiang through urbanization.The living pattern of ethnic living inter-embedded is conducive to the harmony of ethnic relations and the social integration of the floating population.Therefore,as a multiethnic region,Xinjiang's urbanization has its own uniqueness.The urbanization process is divided into two stages: farmers' migration from rural areas to cities,and farmers' choice of ethnic inter-embedded communities in cities.(3)Research shows that ethnic group,age and education level among individual characteristics have a significant impact on farmers' willingness to migrate to cities,and economic factors such as region,individual annual income,occupational skills,and family experience of going out for work have a significant impact on farmers' willingness to migrate to cities.The study found that farmers in south of Xinjiang are more willing to move to city.Compared with other ethnic groups,Kazaks and Uighurs are more willing to move to city.With the increase of age,the urban migration willingness fluctuates and decreases,and the urban migration willingness of farmers aged 31-40 is the strongest.College degree or above,farmers' willingness to move to cities has been improved by leaps and bounds.The higher the vocational skills,the stronger the willingness of urban migration.From the low income stage to the middle income stage,farmers' willingness to migrate to cities fluctuates with the increase of personal annual income,but there will be an inflection point that is entering the high income stage,and farmers' willingness to migrate to cities drops sharply.The willingness to migrate to cities was obviously higher among the farmers whose family has been working outside.Due to the characteristics of Xinjiang,the region and ethnic groups are related.Many of them are unique to Xinjiang.The research shows that the factors influencing the migration willingness of different ethnic groups are quite different.(4)The research shows that urban community factors and inter-ethnic contact factors both have important influences on the willingness of farmers ethnic inter-embedded,with urban factors in the first place.It is found that the factors of religious places have the most and the complex influence on the willingness of ethnic inter-embedded.Environmental health,employment opportunities,children's education,neighborhood harmony,housing prices,medical and health care,social security,shopping and entertainment,understanding of other ethnic customs and habits,cultural life,mastery of other ethnic languages and the presence of friends of other ethnic groups all have a positive impact on the willingness of ethnic groups to live together.Study found that the influence factors of the willingness of ethnic interembedded between Han,Uighurs and Kazaks,and the importance of factors is different.There are some common factors,such as housing prices,environmental health,at the same time,there are some specific factors,such as the influence factors of Uighur relatively are more,and the factor of the relationship between ethnic group is bigger,then the influence factors of Kazak is less and house prices is first.(5)The test of bivariate probit model shows that the two-stage process of urbanization in Xinjiang is a process of successive progression but independent from each other,which verifies the rationality of establishing separate models of the willingness of urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded.Finally,it puts forward relevant policies to guide and promote urban migration and ethnic living inter-embedded together based on the research of the farmer's willingness.We should accelerate the urbanization development of Xinjiang,promote the urbanization development of the south of Xinjiang,coordinate development of urbanization in large cities and nearby cities,strengthen the communication and contact between farmers and the outside world to improve the willingness of urban migration,pay close attention to low-income groups of the Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups in rural areas,change the way we think about poverty alleviation and speed up urban migration and improve the level of education and vocational skills of farmers.At the same time,we should respect the willingness of farmers and promote the ethnic living inter-embedded based on the development of urbanization,guide the interethnic embedding actively by taking the urban community factor as the main factor and the inter-ethnic contact factor as the auxiliary factor,guide people's religious beliefs reasonably and promote their adaptation to urban life,create employment opportunities fully and provide vocational skills training to ensure stable employment for migrant workers,improve the quality of education for migrant workers' children and improve social security services,promote the ethnic living inter-embedded by the subsidy policy for lowincome housing and commercial housing,strengthen community medical and health services and create a clean and tidy community environment and explore new ways for urban residents to communicate with each other and enhance communication and integration with each other.It promotes the urbanization of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and eliminate differences of urbanization between all ethnic groups,promotes the formation of the city inter-embedded community and the improvement of ethnic relations.It realizes the common development of all ethnic groups,the ethnic harmony,unity and stability in Xinjiang.