| The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has put forward a major decision to implement the strategy of revitalizing the countryside.Promoting the revitalization of rural development is an important task of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.The revitalization and development of rural areas is a major issue that the party and the government urgently need to solve.The modernization of rural governance is the foundation and prerequisites for realizing the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.It is also the source and important factor for the orderly promotion of rural rejuvenation and development in the new era.However,the current "township and village governance" model,which is characterized by the administrative authority of the township government,is unable to meet the growing needs of farmers' life when dealing with the demands of diversified rights and interests in rural areas.On the one hand,some rural grassroots organizations have shown that "no accidents" The negative tendency of "inaction" has led to the tendency of township governments to change from the former "learning type" to the "suspended type".On the other hand,in the villages with better resource endowment,new interest groups have appeared and caused rural governance.There is a trend towards involution.These issues have led to the urgent need to resolve the last mile issue in the strategy for rural revitalization.The effective practice of Guizhou's "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model provides a new idea and reference model for rural governance.The rural micro-governance model has solved the problems of marginalization of village democracies,limited public service provision,and open space management in traditional rural governance by building a "ten households" micro-governance unit.This article hopes that by thoroughly studying the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model,studying how to push the focus of governance down to the grassroots level in an acquaintance society,realizing the return of village democracies,and promoting the benign interaction of villagers,both to improve the "ten households in one" rural micro governance The model puts forward suggestions and also promotes the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model,so as to contribute to the promotion and realization of the rural overall revitalization.The research in this paper mainly uses a combination of qualitative research and quantitative research.The qualitative research mainly uses literature research and historical analysis methods to describe the practice of the "ten households in one" ruralmicro-government model through qualitative research.Based on this,it analyzes the correlation of the "ten households in one" rural micro-government model through quantitative research.Influencing factors.Through qualitative research on the “ ten households in one” rural micro-governance model,the specific practices of the “ten households in one” rural micro-government are systematically presented,revealing the internal operating mechanism behind it;quantitative research mainly uses survey research methods,mathematical statistical analysis methods Through quantitative research on the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model,the main influencing factors for realizing the "ten households in one" rural micro-government have been extracted.The introduction of this article introduces the research background and significance of the thesis,the current status of research at home and abroad,the main content,the research method and the technical route adopted,and the innovation of the paper.The first chapter focuses on defining the concepts related to micro-governance.Defines the connotation and extension of each concept,and lays the foundation for the subsequent research;Chapter Two uses historical analysis to sort out the historical evolution of the rural governance model since the founding of New China.In the process of sorting out history,it points out that the current rural social governance faces The third chapter describes the practical situation of the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model in this case.Through a comprehensive study of the practical aspects of the background,purpose and basis,structure and operation,and governance effectiveness of the "ten households in one" rural micro-government;Chapter 4 is based on the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model The data obtained from the survey of Village C where the innovation practice is located.Through the empirical analysis of the relevant data,the main factors affecting the implementation of the “ ten households in one ” village micro-government are extracted;the content of Chapter 5 is based on the influencing factors of rural micro-governance.To explore and analyze the possible shortcomings of the "ten households" rural micro-governance model in actual operation,and further propose perfect measures;Chapter 6 points out the basic principles that the rural micro-government model should be promoted,and analyzes the matching Governance mode adapts to the type of village,and proposes a way to promote the operation of the rural micro-government mode.Historical analysis is the logical basis for understanding the current problems,and it is a combing analysis of the historical evolution of the rural governance model in New China.It is found that the current rural management system in China still mainly retains the "township and village governance" system,which is mainly composed of two main parts:the administrative power of the township government and the social autonomy of the autonomous organization of the villager committee.Both of them are responsible for ensuring the villagers' economic participation.With the autonomy of social affairs and the important task of modernizing rural governance.At present,this system faces many contradictions and challenges from diversification,urbanization,decentralization,and democratization,which seriously hinders the rural development of society.For example,in the vast rural society,problems such as the "last mile" docking of public services at the grass-roots level,the marginalization of villagers,reducing the enthusiasm of villagers to participate,the limited service of village committees to stimulate conflicts among villagers,and the open space hindering fine governance are problems.The new era of rural governance urgently needs new exploration to resolve the practical problems in the process of rural social governance.As an effective practical exploration in solving the dilemma of rural governance,how does Guizhou's "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model practice? This article conducts an in-depth investigation on the operation status of the "ten households in one" rural micro-governance model.Through a comprehensive study of the production background,structure,operation and governance effectiveness of the “ten households in one ” rural micro-government.It is found that the effective operation of the "ten households" rural micro-governance model is based on the social capital of local governance space units,cultural homogeneity,and acquaintance society,which is beneficial to the formation of a community of villagers' destiny.A close,routine and governance system that resolves small and trivial matters,thereby achieving effective "micro-governance" in grassroots villages.Resetting the structural unit of interest,reconstructing the structure of village-level power,and rebuilding the main body of village-level power are the main practices of micro-governance at the grassroots level in rural areas.The low-cost mass mobilization,organization rather than individual collective coordination mechanism and the reward and punishment restraint mechanism within the acquaintance society are the internal logic of micro-government operation.In the "ten households" rural micro-governance structure,the main body of rural micro-government is in addition to the township(town)party committees that play a central role in rural micro-government at the grassroots level,the township governments that play the role of rural micro-government regulators,and the role of rural micro-government operators.The two village committees,the micro-government unit that plays the basic role of rural micro-government,the village democracy,and the village-enterprise social organizations that play the role of rural micro-government stabilizer.The state,society,markets,individuals and other multi-agents participated together to build a new pattern of rural governance with the co-existence of multi-agents.Multi-subjects of rural governance will construct a community area of ? ? living community with highly connected interests through reasonable and effective operating mechanisms.The operating mechanism mainly includes internal dynamic mechanism and external institutional constraint mechanism.The internal dynamic mechanism mainly includes: resetting the interest structure unit to form a high-density interest connection body,the main body negotiation within the "small group" of micro-interests,the acquaintance mechanism of the acquaintance society,the "soft" ethics of rural micro-governance,and the external institutional constraint mechanism Mainly include: rebuilding village-level power subjects to form micro-governance units,"hardware" village rules and regulations for rural micro-governance,public announcement of rural affairs,and the commitment system of party members and the masses.Through the effective integration of supervision mechanism,coordination mechanism,incentive mechanism,constraint mechanism,etc.,a healthy micro-governance system for rural operation was formed.The actual operation of the "ten households" rural micro-governance model is always closely related to the specific governance environment.In the new period,a series of major changes have taken place in the internal basis and external conditions of rural governance.These changes have profoundly and extensively affected the structure and performance of rural micro-governance.In order to further explore the main factors that affect the "ten households" rural micro-governance.After regression analysis of the logistic model on the survey data,the relevant impacts of the effective operation of the “ten households in one”rural micro-government were extracted and the correlations between the factors were analyzed.The empirical analysis results show that each index factor has a certain degree of influence on rural micro-governance.From the perspective of the micro-governance analysis framework composed of the community theory,social governance theory,and collective action theory,the factors that have significant effects on rural micro-governance are: cadre performance experience,villagers 'participation enthusiasm,micro-organization mobilization ability,villagers' democratic decision-making,Support for collective decision-making execution,government investment in human resources,and government's focus on people's livelihood;factors that are not obvious in rural micro-governance are:economic income level,micro-government units,acquaintance relationships,village folk trust,and micro-government unit cohesion,Village rules and regulations,party member and cadre leadership,villagers' satisfaction with services,recognition of micro-governance units,internal cultural incentives,and external institutional incentives;education level factors have the least obvious impact on rural micro-governance;work experience It has a negative impact on the effect of rural micro-governance.Overall,the results of the econometric analysis are basically consistent with the previous theoretical analysis.On the basis of refining the influential factors of the "ten households" rural micro-government,combined with the possible shortcomings of its rural micro-government model,further improvement measures are proposed to facilitate the promotion of rural micro-government experience in similar villages.Based on the analysis of social structure matching,analysis of economic differentiation and matching analysis of subject participation,it is determined that village C is a united village with relatively low economic and social differentiation.In order to facilitate the effective promotion of rural micro-government experience in the same type of villages,a rationale for promoting the rural micro-government model is proposed based on bridging the possible shortcomings of rural micro-government: grassroots party building: from "edge" to "central" township governments: from "Leadership" to "service";village democracy: from "passive" to "active";social organization: from "affiliated" to "subject";legal system: from "rule of law" to "three rules of governance".Based on the combination of existing research,this article complements the research depth of academia and practical research on rural micro-governance to a certain extent.Its innovations are as follows:The first is to build a "trinity" analysis framework of the social foundation of rural micro-government-external structure-internal motivation.This analysis framework is based on the theory of the community,the theory of social governance,and the theory of collective action.From the inside to the outside,it explains the operation basis,operation mechanism,and operation logic of the "ten households" community as a micro-governance model.This is the "basic + external + internal" trinity analysis framework of rural governance,which can comprehensively explain the generation,operation and endogenous driving force of rural micro-governance,and it has certain innovation.The second is to extract the influencing factors of rural micro-governance.In this paper,310 questionnaires were issued.Through regression analysis of the logistic model of the survey data,the factors that have significant impact on the “ten households” rural micro-government are: cadre performance experience,villagers' participation enthusiasm,and micro-unit organization mobilization ability.,Villagers' democratic decision-making,implementation of collective decision-making support,government's investment in human resources,government's attention to people's livelihood;factors not affecting village micro-governance are obvious: economic income level,micro-government unit,acquaintance relationship,village folk trust,Cohesion of the micro-government unit,village regulations and covenants,leadership of party members and cadres,villagers' satisfaction with services,recognition of the micro-government unit,internal cultural incentives,and external institutional incentives;the education level factor has the most impact on rural micro-governance Not obvious;labor experience has a negative impact on the effect of rural micro-governance.The comparison of existing related research results is mainly based on case studies or qualitative studies.This article uses quantitative research and analysis methods to effectively refine its influencing factors,and also points out the existence of correlations between factors,so it has obvious new ideas.Third,this article puts forward a rationale for the promotion of the "ten households" rural micro-governance model.Based on the distribution and characteristics of different types of villages in China,this paper conducts a study of micro-government model learning and promotion of village matching analysis.Through the analysis of village social structure matching analysis and economic and social differentiation matching analysis,it proposes the adaptation of the “ten households” micro-government model.Unity village with relatively low economic and social differentiation.Matching selection of the applicable types of rural micro-governance model provides a basis for the promotion of rural micro-governance.The comparative research results are mainly based on case studies and overall promotion suggestions.This article makes in-depth selection of the matching of the model promotion,which makes the promotion of the micro-government model more feasible and innovative. |
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