Pakistan Security Strategy Evolvement And Effect During Turn Of The Century

Located northwestern of South Asia,Pakistan enjoys a particular geographic position being the neighbor south of China,west of India,north of Afghanistan,east of Iran,maintaining the main force only second to India in economy and military strength locally.Pakistan always has the special relation with America,China,and Iran,making its own Security Strategy affecting and affected by international geopolitics,main countries strategy gaming,South Asia security situation,international counter terrorism,nuclear weapon issue,etc..The conflicts in Kashmir between Pakistan and India are always mounting.Recently in 2019,the new conflict was ignited by self bombing in India controlled Pulwama region on Feb.14 th,and escalated once more in August as India declared the cancellation of Kashmir autonomy state,leading to the brink of national war.The high level officers from both countries even threatened to use nuclear weapon.Consequently,the study of Pakistan Security Strategy and its influence has a vital practical significance.There is no official expression of National Security Strategy from Pakistan government,so the study paradigm is mainly derived from China domestic similar study.The definition of National Security Strategy is the overall conception of National Defense Planning,Military operation preparation based on the assessment and judgment of international,surrounding area,and domestic Security Situation,which is a top level National Strategy.Subordinated to that,the National Military Strategy is focused on military strength construction and detailed military operation.The study of Pakistan National Security Strategy was carried out in domains of national interest definition,national threat assessment,strategic target set,strategic approach,in the framework of conflict and regional theory.The basic conclusion of Pakistan Security Strategy is a progressive one: The highest security interest is to safeguard the territory,guarantee the peaceful domestic development environment,defending the Islamic doctrine;The main external threats are from India traditionally and terrorism in recent years;The effective counter measure is mainly based on its own nuclear strength deterrence and large scale normal military strength,while seeking the potential military cooperation,diplomatic and religious ways from relationship with neighbor and major countries.At the background of South Asia security situation,the main concern and approach of Pakistan Security Strategy is keeping evolving because of the power changing between Pakistan and India.The inner impetus of Pakistan Security Strategy lies in geopolitics,Islamic doctrine,Security concept.From geopolitical concern,Pakistan was once US alliance and later partner of China,with the same purpose to counter India's threat;From the religious concern,Pakistan deems itself as a pure Islamic state,making the religious doctrine in Security Strategy design,military concept establishment,and military force buildup.The planning and buildup of military force help Pakistan implement its Security Strategy.Compared to its relatively limited economy strength,Pakistan invest a lot in defense industry;To offset India's military superiority,Pakistan set the “First strike strategy and theory”,sparing no effort to develop nuclear weapon,maintain a large scale army,and keep improving its weapons through armor import and technology transformation.South Asia security situation is an important premise for Pakistan to assess threat and make its Security Strategy,while the strategy and its military development also affect the regional security situation.The deepening of Sino-Pak relationship comes from common goal to promote the South Asia security situation and prosperity,counter separatism and terrorism and to offset US's new India-Pacific strategy.Amount of archive material from Pakistan libraries were introduced in this dissertation,while there are still challenges during the writing: First,Pakistan national security strategy and India-Pakistan relation are highly dynamic making the logic prediction much more difficult;Second,the military Islamic proliferation called by General Haq aroused a debate on whether it's a testimony of aggressive strategy;Third,the concurrent academic paradigm is not enough for the strategy issue;Fourth,I have always been a personnel focusing on specific field with Pakistan instead of a professional scholar,lacking of systematic consideration of this topic.