National Security Perspectives And Security Cooperation Institutions In South And Central Asia

The concept of "South and Central Asia" has been recognized more and more,but there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the concept of security perspectives of South and Central Asia countries,the security cooperation institutions in the region of South and Central Asia and the relationship between them.Along with the political,economic,and security ties becoming tight between Central Asia and South Asia,the significance of South and Central Asia is becoming more and more obvious in geopolitics and geo-security.From the point of security perspective,in the field of traditional security,subject to the influence of the strength,historical relationship,geographical location,the intervention of external forces,realistic concerns,interactive process,the regional differences on the relationships between countries and security cognition is much larger.Specifically,although water resources allocation,ethnic conflicts,border disputes and other issues are likely to lead to tensions between Central Asian countries,but the Central Asian countries can maintain a stable relationship between each other in the long-term interaction.Therefore,the Central Asian countries see each other as competitors rather than sources of threat.After independence,the Central Asian countries have been paid much attention to the national identity and sovereignty,making them worrying about external power’s intervention;It is a typical security dilemma between India and Pakistan,each one regards the other as a threat in the long run;Afghanistan is a failed state,so solving the security problem in Afghanistan becomes a priority,and handling external security and diplomatic issues(such as Pushtunistan problem)are not in the priority list;therefore,the South and Central Asia countries’ traditional security perspectives have constructed three different levels of cognitive structure,namely the competitors between Central Asia countries,The security issue between India and Pakistan,and the priority of their domestic issues in Afghanistan.In the field of non-traditional security,affected by the common transboundary non-traditional security threats,such as terrorism,ethnic separatism,religious extremism,drug trafficking,transnational crimes,refugees and the ecological crisis in South Asia,their security perspectives are unified,forming a consensus on the increasingly serious problem of non-traditional security.But for some issues,such as the attitude to Afghanistan Taliban,the identification of some terrorist organizations,there are still some differences.The formation and changes of the national security perspectives in South and Central Asia are affected by the factors such as the domestic factors,the regional power structure,the institution process and norms,which affect the choice and the found of security cooperation institutions.The creation and found of security cooperation institutions are mainly reflected in the field of two areas: On the one hand,the Central Asian countries choose to participate in a number of security cooperation institutions to deal with the interference of external powers and balance the relations between powers;On the other hand,the domestic crisis in Afghanistan is the core element of the emergence,proliferation and intensification of non-traditional security issues in South Asia,The solution to this problem has also produced a number of security cooperation institutions.Overall,in the traditional security level,due to the intervention of external powers,the security cooperation institutions are overlapped and congested in South and Central Asia;On the contrary,in the field of non-traditional security,the driving force behind the establishment of an international mechanism is not strong.the security cooperation institutions are loose and backward.This makes the competition between security cooperation institutions become fierce,and they are also trying to seek to join the more mature regional security institutions.As the Shanghai cooperation organization covers most countries in South and Central Asia,she should give full consideration and respect for their security concerns,continue to carry forward the Shanghai spirit,focus on solving the specific,outstanding non-traditional security issues,so as to effectively exert the effectiveness of the SCO and promote the development of regional order.