Research On The Correlation Between Employment And Major Of College Graduates In China

With the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education,college graduates are facing more and more serious employment problems.Governments at all levels take various measures through various channels to provide jobs to solve the problem.From the statistics,the employment rate of six months after graduated has remained above 90%in recent years,which can prove a series of employment measures adopted to be efficient.However,the employment quality is worrying,and structural contradiction is sticking out,among which,the dislocation of employment and major is particularly serious while the employment rate increasing.Even more than half of students in some majors are unable to get a job related to their majors,which is huge waste of human resources and educational resources for society and universities.Therefore,while improving the total employment,we should pay more attention to the employment quality and the effective matching of employment and major.In response to this problem,this study first clarifies the realistic background of correlation between graduate employment and major from three levels,and refines and focuses on this issue on the basis of literature review.Secondly,the theoretical analysis framework of this research is constructed with the theory of supply and demand,human capital and social capital as the theoretical starting point.Thirdly,the method of mixed research is used to conduct the characteristics investigation,attribution analysis and qualitative test.Fourth,the results of the above analysis are summarized and refined to draw conclusions,and relevant research proposals and prospects are proposed.At the theoretical level,the employment of college students in their majors' fields is in line with the training logic and talent orientation.The correlation between employment and major of college students directly reflects the degree of adaptation of higher education to social needs.Therefore,the issue of the correlation is first of all a supply and demand problem.If there is no demand for professional talents in the society,there is no problem of the correlation.Therefore,the theory of supply and demand is the "theoretic umbrella" for the issue of the correlation of employment and major.Second,the type and level of work that graduates can engage in depends first on what type and stock of professional human capital they have.If there is no the human capital,even if there is a certain job demand,graduates will not be able to work in their majors' field.Therefore,human capital is an important focus for discussing the correlation between employment and major,and it is the "theoretical eye" of the issue of correlation.Third,graduate employment is also a social activity,which is influenced by social relations,social networks and other factors,especially in the context of China's "relations" society,this factor becomes even more important.Therefore,social capital is the guarantee for the comprehensive interpretation of the problem in this study,and is the theoretical supplement of this study.The three-fold theory provides a framework of the research.From the perspective of characteristics,the proportion of no correlation between employment and major has not changed much in recent years,accounting for about 30%of the total number of graduates.However,as the total number of graduates increases year by year,the total number of the graduates is increasing year by year.Because the proportion of graduates pursuing advanced studies in "Double FirstClass" colleges is much higher than general undergraduate colleges,the proportion of graduates entering the labor market is lower.So,most graduates with no correlation are concentrated in general undergraduate colleges.In addition,the degree of correlation of graduates from different disciplines and majors is very different.The proportion of graduates who are subjectively unwilling to engage in professionalrelated work is significantly higher than the proportion that is objectively abandoned.From the attribution analysis,the personal interests and employment opportunities of graduates are the most important reasons why they do not choose to work in their majors' field.Through the test of the variables that may affect the correlation between employment and major,it is found that the internship experience,subject background and job nature are the three factors that have the greatest impact on the correlation.At the macro level,the coordination degree between the majors'structure and the industrial structure of is about 90%,which means that there is a certain mismatch between the employment and major.At the micro level,both human capital and social capital factors have a significant impact on correlation between employment and major relevance,but the direction of their impact is different.Overall,the human capital index has a positive impact on the correlation,and dominates;the impact of social capital index on this correlation is generally negative.From the qualitative test,graduates can enter different industries and be qualified for the corresponding positions,because they have different professional human capital.However,the generalization of professional content,the blurring of professional direction,and the "difficult","disorganized","fake" professional internships have seriously affected the stock of professional human capital of graduates,resulting in the phenomenon of "fracture" between the professional training and the needs of the industry.In terms of social capital,graduates with high social capital stocks from families are more likely to achieve "inherited employment" or"regressive employment" with the help of their families,thus achieving class reproduction.This makes it more difficult for graduates with lower social capital stocks from families to rely on their professional ability to break through the employment of the primary class,which has caused another "fracture" phenomenon in the employment of college students.According to the analysis of the problem of correlation between employment and major,we can find that there is a large room for improvement in the coordination degree of major setting and market demand,the professional level of talent training and the fair mechanism of the job market.Therefore,this study believes that the following measures can be taken to improve the quality of personnel training and graduate employment:pay attention to the market logic of major structural adjustment,and strengthen the forecast of talent demand;adjust the training mode of professional talents,and promote the accumulation of professional human capital;regulate the employment mechanism of the labor market,and improve the employment service of colleges and universities.