Research On The Generation Mechanism Of High-level Private Universities In China

On the whole,private universities in China are at the bottom of the pyramid of higher education.Under the background of realizing the connotative development of higher education,accelerating the modernization of education and building a powerful country in education,it is of great historical and practical significance to build a number of high-level private universities.Private universities in China are always facing double challenges of resource and environmental constraints.And from the theoretical perspective of social entrepreneurship,private universities are a kind of mixed public welfare and commercial organizations in the context of the new public management movement in the west and the market-oriented reform of China,and essentially are products of entrepreneurship that provide education services by market-based measures.Based on a large-scale questionnaire,this paper makes a quantitative study on the influencing factors of the formation of high-level private universities,and makes further analysis with in-depth interviews,thus building a formation mechanism model of high-level private universities in China under the theory of social entrepreneurship,and opening the“black box”inside them,which is a new perspective and attempt.Entrepreneurship,or innovative and entrepreneurial spirit,is a self-made ability to create and build a new vision,is " creative destruction”to break the old tradition and create a new tradition.Entrepreneurship is the driving force of social progress.According to the theory of social entrepreneurship,social entrepreneurship is the process of using market-oriented means to create social value,the ultimate goal is to create social value rather than profit maximization.Social entrepreneurship is good at discovering opportunities,piecing together resources,enhancing legitimacy,and thus realizing social mission.It is of theoretical relevance to examine the formation process of high-level private universities from the perspective of social entrepreneurship.A few high-level private universities have emerged in China,and the phenomenon of“low-lying rise”is the manifestation of“innovation and entrepreneurship”.“High-level private universities in China”refers to those with high-level teachers,disciplines,specialties,conditions,sources of students,ideas and systems.Based on the questionnaire survey,642 valid samples in China were analyzed by using SPSS24.0,and the evaluation index model of high-level private universities in China was constructed,including 5 first-level indexes,15 second-level indexes and 47 third-level indexes,including school-running resources,management ability,personnel training,scientific research service and school-running reputation.On this basis,a circle structure model of high-level private universities was formed.Based on the index system,this paper summarizes five characteristics of high-level private universities,which are rich educational resources,excellent governance ability,outstanding training quality,high-quality scientific research service and good reputation for running schools.The premise of insight into the formation mechanism of high-level private universities in China is to analyze what factors affect the development of private universities.Using SPSS24.0 to survey 293 private universities in China,it is found that at the macro level,the factors that have a great influence on the construction of high-level private universities include the laws and regulations of state private education,the attitude of local government support,the autonomy of running schools,the financial support,etc.At the middle level,the factors are school philosophy,school orientation,fund guarantee,governance structure,etc.At the micro level,the factors are subject specialty,teacher team,curriculum,training mode,etc.Through in-depth interviews,using Nvivo 12.0 to code the interview data,a total of 522 reference points of the node were obtained,and the core elements were extracted on the basis of social entrepreneurship theory.And then the paper constructed a model of the formation mechanism of high-level private universities in China,that is,under the drive of innovation and entrepreneurship,the entrepreneur conducts a cycle of strategic management,resource patchwork,governance optimization and legitimacy acquisition.Among them,the organizer plays a decisive role,the strategic management is the direction,the resource patchwork is the foundation,the governance structure is the guarantee,the legitimacy is the support,respectively corresponds to the five subsystems of formation mechanism,namely the dynamic mechanism,the guidance mechanism,the development mechanism,the decision-making mechanism and the safeguard mechanism.The formation of high-level private universities is influenced by one main line(innovation and entrepreneurship)and two kinds of logic(public welfare logic and market logic).The public welfare logic emphasizes social benefits and maintains university rationality;the market logic aims to achieve surplus and stimulate the vitality of running a school,and the dual logic complementation is conducive to ensuring the survival and expansion of universities without“mission drift”.Based on the analysis of 5 case studies of Jilin International Studies University,Zhejiang Shuren University,Huanghe S?T University,Dalian Neusoft University of Information and Westlake University,it is found that the formation mechanism of high-level private universities has" external adaptability”and " internal interaction”,the five elements are not independent,and they interact with each other.The characteristics of complex systems such as non-linearity,openness,uncertainty and emergence have been presented.Based on the above analysis,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for further optimizing the formation mechanism of high-level private universities in China:first of all,activate the dynamic mechanism and promote the capacity for social entrepreneurship;the second is to perfect the guidance mechanism and build up the strategic management ability;thirdly,innovate the development mechanism and raise the ability of resource development;the fourth is to improve the decision-making mechanism and enhance the corporate governance structure;the fifth is to optimize the safeguard mechanism and strengthen the legitimacy of the organization.