The Research Of The Impact Of Heterogeneous Human Capital On Industrial Upgrading

The industrial structure is one of the important characteristics of regional economic development model.From the perspective of factor supply,there are many factors which affect industrial upgrading.Among them,human capital investment plays the most critical role.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the north of China.It is rich in mineral resources as a resource province,among which it is famous for its mineral resources such as coal and rare earth.As an area with abundant resources,Inner Mongolia's economic growth once ranked the top of China due to the rapid economic growth and the continuous increase of local financial revenue brought by the development and utilization of resources,and the growth rate exceeded the national average for many years.However,the short-term economic prosperity brought by excessive dependence on resources could not cover up the fact that the industrial structure is unbalanced,and to some extent,it hinders the development of other industries.At the same time,serious resource path dependence also causes local governments to neglect human capital investment,resulting in the shortage of human capital stock(DU Xuemei,2011;Li Zhenyu,Zhang Zhaojun,2016;Kang Jing,2017),the weakening of human capital investment and other problems,and then in the human resource dilemma of economic transformation and development in resource rich regions.The sustainable short board of long-term resource dependent economic growth gradually appears,which makes Inner Mongolia more likely to fall into the "Resource Curse" trap.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is currently in the critical period of economic development,and gradually realize the transition from extensive development mode to intensive development mode.One of the most important ways to realize the upgrading of industrial structure to a more efficient and more technical direction is human capital investment.In this context,it is of far-reaching theoretical and practical significance to select the impact of human capital on industrial upgrading as a research topic,analyze the internal mechanism of human capital on industrial upgrading,and explore the direction and path of human capital accumulation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.At the methodological level,this paper uses the methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,empirical analysis and normative analysis,induction and deduction to analyze the impact of human capital on industrial upgrading from the perspectives of human capital heterogeneity,industry heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.Specifically,this paper has done the following work:At the theoretical level,this paper constructs a theoretical framework to explain the mechanism of human capital's influence on industrial upgrading.The framework consists of three parts.Firstly,it discusses the relationship between human capital and industrial structure evolution.On the one hand,it explains the mechanism that the lack of human capital restricts the upgrading of industrial structure and the abundant human capital guides the upgrading of industrial structure.On the other hand,it explains the influence of industrial updating on human capital investment.Secondly,it analyzes the internal mechanism of human capital's influence on industrial structure upgrading from two aspects of factor market and product market.Thirdly,it constructs the pyramid model of human capital investment and heterogeneous human capital formation path,and describes the formation process of heterogeneous human capital,and divides human capital into general human capital,skilled human capital and innovative human capital,and analyzes the specific role of health investment,education investment,vocational training and migration in the process of human capital investment.Finally,a simplified mathematical model is constructed to describe how human capital affects industrial upgrading.At the practical level,it reviews the development process of Inner Mongolia's industrial structure and measures the human capital stock in Inner Mongolia.First of all,summarize the current situation of industrial development in Inner Mongolia.This paper introduces the natural resources endowments of Inner Mongolia industrial development,including natural conditions,distribution of mineral resources and distribution of regional important industries.This paper briefly reviews the history of industrial development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region since its establishment in 1947,and divides the whole time series into five stages,which are initial accumulation period(1947-1978),stable development period(1979-1990),accelerated development period(1991-2000),rapid development period(2001-2010)and adjustment and Transformation Period(2011 to now),according to the landmark historical events and industrial development The evolution process of Inner Mongolia's industrial development in several periods is introduced in the aspects of exhibition situation,industrial characteristics and leading industrial changes.Through the construction of industrial labor productivity,industrial structure advanced index and industrial structure rationalization index,this paper depicts the basic context of industrial development in Inner Mongolia,and further verifies that Inner Mongolia has entered the period of adjustment and transformation since 2010.Secondly,measure the stock of human capital in Inner Mongolia and analyze the change trend.Based on the ideas of Mincer(1974)and Psacharopoulos et al.(2004),this paper constructs a measurement system of human capital stock,and discusses it from three perspectives: total amount,regional heterogeneity,industry heterogeneity and human capital heterogeneity.In order to better reflect the regional balance of human capital structure,the concept of "human capital Gini coefficient" is introduced to analyze regional human capital structure.Finally,it summarizes several characteristics and facts of Inner Mongolia's human capital stock and industrial development,and try to use concise language to describe the development of Inner Mongolia.At the empirical level,we mainly use regression analysis and coupling analysis to test the relationship between human capital and industrial upgrading from three perspectives of human capital heterogeneity,regional heterogeneity and industry heterogeneity.Among them,through regression analysis to test the impact of human capital on industrial upgrading,using the gray correlation method to examine the matching of human capital and industrial structure.First,the results of regression analysis show that the increase of regional human capital stock helps to improve the labor productivity of regional industries and promote the process of industrial structure upgrading.This shows that human capital can significantly promote the regional industrial upgrading.The analysis from the perspective of human capital heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity shows that the marginal contribution of human capital to the upgrading of industrial structure is especially from high to low,which are innovative human capital,skilled human capital and general human capital,respectively.The improvement of human capital stock in Western Mongolia has a greater role in promoting the productivity of labor and the advancement of industrial structure than in eastern Mongolia.In addition,this paper finds that the increase of Gini coefficient of human capital is not conducive to the improvement of regional industrial productivity,but also hinders the process of regional industrial structure to be advanced.Labor market segmentation is not conducive to the cross regional and cross industry flow of labor force,which is not conducive to the improvement of regional industrial productivity,but also hinders the process of regional industrial structure to the higher level.Secondly,the coupling analysis results show that the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure in Inner Mongolia presents an "inverted U" trend,which rises first and then declines in 2007.This shows that with the adjustment of industrial structure,the demand for industrial upgrading increases gradually,and the supply of heterogeneous human capital is difficult to meet effectively,especially the shortage of innovative human capital and skilled human capital,which leads to the slow transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.The results show that the coupling degree of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,related industries,resource-based industries and equipment manufacturing industries all declined in varying degrees from 2004 to 2015,while the coupling degree of producer services increased slightly.Furthermore,the results of the correlation coefficient matrix show that some industries of resource-based industry and equipment manufacturing industry are lack of skilled human capital and innovative human capital.In addition,there is also a shortage of innovative human capital in industries such as scientific research and technical services,which to a certain extent reflects that there is still a large room for improvement in Inner Mongolia's current scientific research.Through the empirical analysis,we can judge that the current industrial development in Inner Mongolia lacks the effective support of human capital,especially the lack of skilled human capital and innovative human capital,which leads to the bottleneck of industrial upgrading.At the mechanism level,based on the analysis framework of this paper,the inner mechanism of Inner Mongolia's industrial upgrading lack of human capital supply is analyzed.Firstly,from the perspective of human capital investment,this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of human capital investment in Inner Mongolia.Based on the "Pyramid" model of human capital investment,it is found that there are imbalances in the direction and region of government human capital investment.In summary,it can be concluded that health investment is valued and investment in education,training and migration is scarce;human capital investment in Western Mongolia is significantly better than that in eastern Mongolia.Secondly,from the perspective of product market,it analyzes the specific mechanism and the current situation and problems of Inner Mongolia.It is found that the imbalance of income distribution leads to the inconsistency of income growth and economic growth.On the one hand,the reduction of relative income restrains the optimization of consumption structure,and the transmission to product market will hinder the industrial upgrading.On the other hand,the decrease of relative income also affects the residents' willingness and structure of human capital investment,which makes consumers prefer to spend on health care and reduce the willingness of education investment.In the long run,it is not conducive to the accumulation of skilled human capital and innovative human capital.Thirdly,from the perspective of technological progress,this paper analyzes the specific mechanism and the status and problems of representative industries in Inner Mongolia.Among them,the agricultural and animal husbandry industry has not yet established a modern production system,leading to the relatively backward mode of production,low-end industry and short industrial chain lead to low added value of products,and the lack of brand influence of existing industries,which hinder the rise of industrial value chain.The bottleneck of technological innovation in resource-based industries leads to the low-end lock-in trap of value chain,and the crowding out effect of human capital in the development of resource-based industries restrains industrial upgrading.The development of equipment manufacturing industry is difficult to form a virtuous circle of innovation driven upgrading of high-end equipment manufacturing industry due to insufficient R&D investment,imperfect existing human capital structure and knowledge transformation system,which limits the technology selection path.The structure of producer services tends to the traditional industries,the high-tech industries lack of human capital support,and the overall development of producer services lags behind,which hinders the traditional characteristic industries from climbing to the upstream value chain.Finally,based on the current problems of human capital and industrial development in Inner Mongolia,this paper puts forward some targeted policy recommendations.