| In recent years,China's economy has gradually changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage.The consumption of residents has upgraded faster,the innovation has entered an active period and the economic structure has undergone a major change.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress:"we must focus on promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure to promote high-quality economic development."At present,it is a crucial period for the transformation and upgrading of China's industrial structure,and its development is facing certain pressure.First of all,there are many unreasonable aspects of China's industrial structure.At the same time,the domestic and international situation has also hindered its transformation and upgrading.First of all,there are many unreasonable aspects of China's industrial structure.At the same time,the domestic and international situation has also hindered its transformation and upgrading to varying degrees:On the one hand,the "re-industrialization" strategy of some developed countries in Europe and America has greatly reduced the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry,which is not conducive to its internal transformation and upgrading.On the other hand,in the process of China's demographic dividends gradually disappearing and labor costs rising,Southeast Asian countries relying on cheaper prices has seized part of our market.Under these multiple pressures,China must rely on human capital to improve its innovation capabilities,promote technological advancement,utimately promote the upgrading of industrial structure and realize the transition from a comparative advantage industry to a competitive advantage industry.Human capital is one of the important factors affecting the direction and speed of industrial structure upgrading.Firstly,there is a big difference in the stock of human capital in different regions;Secondly,different individuals have differences in congenital endowment,acquired education,personal work ability and social status,resulting in heterogeneity of human capital;Finally,the impact of human capital on the adjustment of different industrial structures is different.Based on this reality,this paper systematically studies the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure from various angles.The main research contents are as follows:The first part is theoretical research.Based on the review of the origin and development of human capital theory and industrial structure theory,and on the review and objective evaluation of the domestic and foreign literatures about the relationship between the two,The paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure from the supply side and demand side:From the supply side,human capital can continuously promote technological progress and innovation to improve the production efficiency of the department through production effects and resource allocation effects as a production factor,causing changes in the relative costs between industries,accelerating the pace of industrial differentiation and integration,promoting structural transformation and upgrading.From the demand side perspective,human capital drives the diversification and advanced development of the industrial structure by changing the structure of consumer demand and increasing investment costs.The second part is empirical research.Based on the analysis of the status quo of human capital and industrial structure in China,the paper first explains the method of calculating the total human capital and heterogeneous human capital.Three indicators were constructed to indicate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure within the three major industries,within the manufacturing industry and within the service industry.The paper explains the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure from multiple levels and perspectives to ensure the robustness of the empirical results.Then we use the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2016 to build a dynamic panel measurement model,and use the system GMM method for empirical analysis.First,we examine the dynamic evolution of the total stock of human capital and the upgrading indicators of the three industrial structures.It is found that the total stock of human capital has a driving effect on the upgrading of the internal structure of the three major industries,manufacturing and service industries.Due to the vast territory of China,there is a regional imbalance in human capital and industrial structure.For this reason,this paper further carries out sub-regional regression to explore whether there is a difference in the impact of human capital on the industrial structure in the eastern,central and western regions.The results show that the human capital stock has promoted the structural upgrading between industries and within the industries in the eastern and central regions,but this effect is relatively weak in the western region.Further,when examining the impact of heterogeneous human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure,it is found that primary human capital has a low level of education,limited knowledge and technology,and has great obstacles to the mastery and application of new knowledge and new technologies,which inhibits the upgrading between and within industries.Intermediate human capital has promoted the upgrading of the three industries and the internal structure of the manufacturing industry,while the positive promotion effect on the internal upgrading of the service industry is not very obvious.With its speciality and irreplaceability,senior human capital has made outstanding contributions in improving the speed of innovation and enhancing the spillover effect of technology,and promoted the upgrading of the internal structure of the three major industries and industries.The third part proposes policy recommendations.About human capital,we must take measures to increase human capital investment in five areas:health,education,research,training,and labor migration in order to improve the overall level of human capital comprehensively.We should cultivate different types of human capital in combination with actual needs and optimize the cultivation and introduction mechanism of senior talents.About industrial structure,we ought to grasp the speed of upgrading the industrial structure and we should not rush to seek success.What we need to do most is paying attention to the advantages of regional industrial development and formulating industrial restructuring policies according to local conditions. |
PDF Full Text Request