On Practical Rationality Of Teachers' Teaching

As the reform of teaching has partially deepened and developed,the study of teaching has begun to turn the construction of teaching theory to make explorations practically on teaching.Teachers are the executors and promoters of reconstruct education practices while them rational direct and participate in educational practice in line with the need of education practices,thus the reconstruct of educational practicing has realized.The practical rationality of teachers' teaching is the inner basis of teachers' teaching as well as the important factor to guide and promote the development of students;it directly affects the teaching result and quality.To realize the ideal teaching,we first need the ideal practical rationality of teachers' teaching which can transform the teaching from ideal to realistic so that can realize the reconstruct of teaching and the continuous improvement of teaching quality.However,what kind of practical rationality of teachers' teaching is needed in current historical period? What is its target orientation including? What are the contents and standards of it? How is it realized in teaching practice or what the teaching practice should be under its guidance? These are the puzzles and problems during the process of teacher's teaching practice.Their vague understanding and inaccurate positioning make them lose their way in teaching practice and lack willpower in teaching actions,which leads to the deviation of teachers' teaching practice and eventually affects the quality of teaching.Based on this,this thesis focuses on the theoretical system construction of practical rationality of teachers' teaching,and tries to give a theoretical response to this practical problem.In this thesis,we make Marxism viewpoint of practice as a theory guidance,and make historical materialism and dialectical materialism as methodological weapons,with "treating people as ends" as the starting point and the foothold,and grasp the opportunity of education demands as well as teaching deepen the reform under the basic aim of education on "to foster morality and cultivate talents" with using the methods of literature,comparison,historical research and logical analysis to investigate practical rationality of teachers' teaching.Mainly carry out theoretical explaining towards the implication and aesthetic meaning of teachers' rationality teaching practical,meanwhile investigate and examine its historical development,finally pressing and constructing the basic theory system based on the demands analysis under "to foster morality and cultivate talents" including ideal goal,basic dimension and implementation strategies.Overall,this research mainly is about the three concepts of ontology,epistemology as well as value and follows " What——How — — How to do " which specific performances: Theoretical interpretation(Chapter1),diachronic examination(Chapter2)and theoretical construction(Chapter3,Chapter4 and Chapter5).On the ontological level of "What",Based on Marxist practical philosophy,this paper defines the concepts of practice,rationality,practical rationality and teaching practice,we reveal and explain the connotation and implication of practical rational of teachers' teaching.On the basis of combing and defining the connotation between practice,rationality,practical rationality and practical rationality of teaching,it is believed that the practical rationality of teachers' teaching refers to volitional ability of teacher who is the subject of teaching practice to carry out teaching practice activities with the help of certain methods and tools.Compared with cognitive ability,volitional ability is a practical ability that could guide and transform into teachers' teaching practical actions on the basis of understanding teaching practical,with substance of teachers transform the ability of ideal teaching into practical teaching,otherwise,practical rationality of teachers' teaching will lose its practical effect for stopping at the awareness level so that can't realize.In order to further clarify the concept of practical rationality of teachers' teaching including its discussion field,on the basis of a comparative analysis of its related concepts pointed out that practical rationality of teachers' teaching does not eliminate teachers' practical sensibility,reject teachers' theoretical rationality,equal to teachers' practical logic,pursue teachers' teaching effectiveness unilaterally,or be the rationality of teachers' teaching.Its basic characteristics are the unity of subjectivity and objectivity,historicity and reality,internalization and externalization,infinity and finiteness.The value implication ofpractical rationality of teachers' teaching is embodied in the penetration of teaching practical rationality into teaching theory and practical,the intrinsic reasons and demands and the natural manifestation of teachers' professional development.On the ontological level of "how",based on the division of the stages of human history by Marxist practical philosophy,it traces,sorts out and summarizes the historical form and evolution of practical rationality of teachers' teaching.Teacher's teaching practical rationality has roughly gone through four historical development stages,the primitive society period was the "natural and simple" teachers' teaching practical rationality,for slave and feudal society was the "empirical and ethical" teacher teaching practical rationality,for modern times the teacher's teaching practical rationality was "rational enlightenment",and for the contemporary era,teacher's teaching practice rationality is "tool utility".Teachers' teaching practice rationality in different social and historical periods presents different historical forms,and each has different functional effects on teaching practical activities.That is,the elements of teacher's teaching practical rationality such as teacher's subject consciousness,teaching value orientation,teaching process norms and teaching realization method.The four aspects jointly show the rationality styles of teaching practical in different historical stages,and present a historical evolution process as a whole.Looking at the entire historical form and evolution process of teacher's teaching practical rationality,first of all,it presents a trend of continuous evolution and development towards complexity and high level at the vertical level and the horizontal level represents different social historical periods and their specific needs,teachers' teaching practical rationality in the complete sense has a different focus or a certain aspect is highly respected.Secondly,teachers' teaching practical rationality is “traditional” which means passed down from the past and entered into the present and are related to the future.They are constantly and selectively continued in different forms,survive in different social and historical periods and interact with specific society;their role displayed in a new form that meets the needs.In addition,due to the historical limitations of social practice,the low-level and one-sided rationality of teacher teaching practice is historically inevitable,but this is only a short period in the process of its existence and development.It will surely achieve its own harmony and consciousness in the future kingdom of freedom.On the axiological level of "how to do",based on Marxist "harmonious rationality",a theoretical system of what should be the teacher's practical rationality isconstructed.First of all,according to the historical development process and trend of teacher's teaching practical rationality meet the needs under the background of the era of "to foster morality and cultivate talents",it is deduced that teachers' teaching practical rationality should move towards multi-directional harmony and self-discipline and self-consciousness.The essential connotation is to construct the integrity of human beings which namely the integrity of teachers and students as well as the teaching world to turn it into a spiritual home.The realization of this ideal teacher's teaching practical rationality requires certain prerequisites and conditions,that is,to carry out a double restart of teaching practice rationality for teachers at the conscious level,provide institutional guarantees for teachers' freedom of teaching action at the system level,and teachers should conduct Self-reflection of teaching and moral self-discipline of teaching.Secondly,according to the ideal goal dimension of teacher's teaching practical rationality,and taking the content contained in teacher's teaching practical rationality as the analysis dimension,construct the basic dimension of teacher's teaching practice rationality,including the rational positioning of the teaching ontology value of "Human being is end",truly reflect the internal scale of the teaching subject,scientifically grasp the basic laws of the teaching object,and consciously follow the ethical principles of "teaching justice" and the method principles of "teaching reasoning".Finally,take the ideal goal and basic dimension of teacher's teaching practical rationality as value orientation and theoretical principles,and propose specific teaching realization strategies.Based on the micro classroom teaching practice,and follow the logic of first pointing out what the state of teaching practical should be,then explain how teachers should construct or realize the expected teaching state and put forward rational strategies for teachers' teaching practice including the self-sufficient orientation of teaching value,the multi-system and dynamic generation of teaching objectives,the complete and differential organization and structure optimization of teaching content,the "other" care of the internal subject of the teacher-student relationship,the orientation of student development of teaching methods,and "evaluation for teaching" based on the teaching evaluation differences.The innovations of this study are as follows.Firstly,the scope is new.we make Marxism viewpoint of practice as a theory guidance,and makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the practical rationality of teachers' teaching.At the same time,constructs the theoretical system of the practical rationality of teachers' teaching under the theoretical guidance of "harmonious rationality".Secondly,the viewpoint is new.This study holds that teachers' teaching practice rationality pays more attention to how teachers can effectively and reasonably transform the ideal teaching of concept construction into the process of real teaching,including how teachers can promote the process of teaching from inefficiency to high efficiency and move from spontaneous to conscious.In addition,it also points out that practice rationality of teachers' teaching should move towards multi-directional harmony and self-discipline and self-consciousness,aiming at constructing the integrity of teachers and students and the teaching world.