Compound Management:Reorganization Of Rural Society

Since the new century,facing the increasingly declining scene of villages,how to reorganize villages has become a key issue and practical problem for the stability and sustainable development of rural grass-roots society.In this paper,the practice of village collective reengineering in yan Village since the new century is taken as the research object,aiming at presenting the practical logic and development pattern of village reorganization from the interactive relationship among the state,market and village.On this basis,it responds to the great theoretical and practical problem of "practice" of China’s state power construction in grass-roots rural society since the new century.There are three remarkable changes in Chinese villages since the new century,which are different from those of the previous era.First,the acceleration of urbanization poses great challenges to the villages.Under the action of the huge pull of cities and the thrust of villages,the villages appear atomization,hollowing out and aging,which leads to their final decline and even end.Second,there has been a "reverse movement" in China’s rural society,and the state power has begun to return to the countryside on a large scale.A series of action plans,such as abolishing agricultural tax,benefiting farmers and going to the countryside,building beautiful countryside,tackling poverty and revitalizing the countryside,have been launched one after another.This indicates that,From the abolition of agricultural tax to the current rural revitalization,this series of top-level strategic plans started one after another,indicating that the state power began to actively participate in the reconstruction of rural society.In this process,the return of state power showed a higher degree of technical,procedural and institutional characteristics.Third,the capital going to the countryside further promotes the market-oriented reform of the countryside,and it is the normal orientation for the government,enterprises and farmers to cooperate and jointly "run the village".Furthermore,this paper mainly investigates how the country can reorganize villages by means of collective reconstruction of village communities in this era.In the past,around the issue of village organization,there were roughly two analytical approaches: external construction and endogenous integration.Based on different research resources and theoretical purport,each has its own rationale.However,the village society is extremely complex,especially in the transition position,in which the internal and external influences of the state,the market and the village society are mixed,which leads to the blind area of interpretation or over-interpretation phenomenon in these two analytical approaches.Therefore,this paper attempts to introduce the concept of "compound management" as a theoretical framework for analyzing village reorganization,aiming at covering and balancing the ternary structural interaction among the state,market and village society."Compound management" has become an important foundation for rural development in response to the requirements of the times of rural development.Public authority,governance resources and interest balance are the three dimensions of "compound management",which have the characteristics of mutual cooperation and internal consistency,revealing the practical mechanism of village reorganization.Under the practical operation of "compound management","new collective community" has become the current trend and development pattern of village reorganization.The lack of authority and the imbalance of authority structure in the village field are the key reasons why the village is difficult to organize.The remolding of public authority is the basic premise and starting point for village collective to organize villages with the logic of "compound management",including the integration of three important maintenance mechanisms: capable authority,political authority and bureaucratic authority.Capable people play an auxiliary role in the village collective,especially in the village organization construction,economic construction and village governance,forming the "same direction and parallel flow" of the village collective and capable people.At the same time,the operation of village collective only depends on the guidance of grass-roots political authority.In practice,political authority consolidates and strengthens the political power and political identity of village collective through the union of village party committees and party spirit education bases.In addition,after the state power returned to the village on a large scale,the bureaucratic authority with grass-roots political power as the core actively turned to the role of "public welfare operator",and embedded in the village collective with highly institutionalized and technical characteristics to provide guidance,supervision,system and resource support for it.As a result,the village community has integrated the triple governance power,shaped the compound of the village public authority,and laid the main foundation for the village community collective’s "compound management".The "collectivization" transformation of village public authority has further activated the integration of village governance resources and the reconstruction of new collective economy,promoted the market-oriented operation of village economy,and gradually expanded the connection between village collective and external market.The main ways and contents of village collective "compound management" are as follows: First,the grass-roots party organizations coordinate village-level resources to strengthen the village collective economy,and then the village collective accepts the input of national resources and external capital to realize resource integration.Secondly,the new collective economy,which completes the integration of resources,has a strong ability to allocate labor,capital and land,and promotes the optimal allocation of village resources.Finally,the village collectives operate the market through the village-run collective enterprises and joint-stock economic cooperatives,and realize the reproduction of village resources.Finally,based on market-oriented resource integration,the village has formed an export-oriented economy with the new collective economy as the core.With the establishment of authority identity and the growth of village collective economy,the core of village re-organization turns to the balanced regulation and regulation of multi-subject interests.The key to the balanced regulation of interests lies in the redistribution of interests and the formation of supervision mechanism of "sharing interests and risks" within villages.With the joint-stock cooperative system as the core,the redistribution mechanism of village interests is established through the standardized construction of the common system,and the distribution form of rights and interests of multiple subjects is stipulated.Then,based on the principle of "risk sharing",the unity of powers and responsibilities of village collective should be set reasonably.On this basis,the interests and actions of the village collective should also be constrained by institutionalization and ethics.On the one hand,the institutionalization of public rules,village rules and regulations and the tradition of "village discussion" should be established;On the other hand,it explores the collective ritual and emotional interaction within the village,and plays a "soft constraint" role on the pluralistic subjects with ethical rules.As an important institutional environment for the integration of village communities,these rules support the interest balance mechanism of "compound management" of village communities and maintain the village order.The collective "compound management" of village communities operating in the above three dimensions has become a basic experience of village reorganization in China at present.The village integration with the village community as the axis shows many intermediate characteristics,which avoids the involution of grass-roots governance caused by the direct intervention of the state and prevents the "unorganized disorder" in villages.Through the collective reconstruction of village community,the shaping of village public authority,the integration of governance resources and the balanced regulation of interests have been realized,and thus the development pattern of village "new collective community" has been shaped.Of course,the key to the formation of the new collective community lies in the integration and matching of public authority,governance resources and interest balance.On the contrary,there will be collective alienation of village communities,which will lead to "organized disorder".In a word,an important message conveyed by the village collective’s "compound management" is that it is necessary to deal with the problems such as the roles,interactive boundaries,effective connection,institutional constraints and behavior patterns of the multi-subjects in rural society,which is the "practical" principle of state power construction in rural society.