The Status,function,and Influencing Factors Of Well-being Of Junior High School Students

Well-being plays a positive role in promoting the development of adolescents,but existing studies still have the following limitations:(1)Existing studies focus on the well-being of adolescents from the perspective of present-oriented,but the well-being of adolescents is also future-oriented.Adolescents could have expectations about their future life,and form positive or negative affect about the future when thinking about future life,such as feeling confused or get excited about the future.Expectations and attitudes towards the future are of great significance to the growth of adolescents.However,the existing well-being measurement tools seldomly evaluate the future-oriented well-being of adolescents.The “Adolescent Well-Being Model”incorporates the “future” dimension into the measurement model,that is,while measuring present life satisfaction,positive affect,and negative affect,it also measures the hopeful future expectations,future-oriented positive affect,and negative affect.(2)Although some studies have investigated the status quo of adolescents' well-being in some regions of China and established the norm of adolescents' well-being,there is a lack of large-sample survey on the status quo covering the 31 provinces and a national norm of adolescents' present-and future-oriented well-being.(3)Although some studies have found a longitudinal relationship between present-oriented well-being and adolescents' academic performance,the longitudinal relationship between future-oriented well-being and adolescents' academic performance remains to be tested.(4)Although some studies have found that family socioeconomic status can predict adolescents' present-oriented well-being,the following questions still need to be solved: First,do family socioeconomic status and regional development level have interactive effects on the well-being of junior high school students? Second,why do adolescents in low family socioeconomic status and backward areas have lower level of well-being? Third,what characteristics do adolescents need to have to reduce the negative impact of low family socioeconomic status and backward regional development on their well-being? Fourth,can autonomy-supportive parenting compensate for the negative impact of low family socioeconomic status on adolescents' well-being?This research will adopt the Adolescents' SWB Model to conduct the following studies: Study 1 will investigate the status quo of junior high school students' well-being and establish the national norm of well-being.Study 2 will examine the longitudinal predictive effect of well-being on the academic performance of junior high school students through a 14-month cross-lagged design.Study 3 will investigate the relationship between the family socioeconomic status,the level of regional development and the well-being of junior middle school students(Study 3A);the mediating roles of the sense of family economic pressure and the sense of discrimination(Study 3B),and the moderating role of the sense of internal control(Study 3C);the predictive effect of parental autonomy on the well-being of junior high school students when considering the family socioeconomic status,and the mediating effect of basic psychological need satisfaction through a cross-sectional study and a 12-month longitudinal study(Study 3D).Through this research,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The demographic characteristics of junior middle school students with low well-being include: living in underdeveloped areas,coming from families with low socioeconomic status,senior students,girls,boarding in schools,floating children,and left-behind children in rural areas.(2)Present-and future-oriented well-being could promote students to achieve higher grades,but not vise versa.(3)There is an interactive effect between family socioeconomic status and regional development level on the well-being of junior high school students.In the areas with lower development level,family socioeconomic status has a greater predictive effect on the present negative affect and future negative affect of junior high school students.(4)Low family socioeconomic status will lead to high family economic pressure and sense of discrimination among junior high school students,which will further damage their well-being.In addition,the lower level of regional development will lead to more perceptions of discrimination by others,which will damage the well-being of junior middle school students.(5)The higher sense of control could help alleviate the negative impact of low family socioeconomic status and backward regional development on the well-being of junior high school students.(6)Autonomy-supportive parenting can compensate for the negative impact of low family socioeconomic status on the well-being of junior middle school students.