A Study On The Changes Of The Relationship Between Higher Education And Employment Since The Reform And Opening Up

In recent years,under the influence of economic downward pressure,the national employment situation becomes increasingly severe.In this situation,people first choose to obtain a higher diploma through education to cope with the employment pressure.However,new issues have arisen during the Expansion of Higher Education like "Devaluation of Academic Qualifications","Unemployment of College Students","Expansion of Diplomas" and " Major Shifts ".The widening gap between education and employment has aroused public doubts about education.This paper focuses on the change of the relationship between higher education and employment since the reform and opening up.Starting from the dual connotation of combining education with productive labor,the paper proposes that the relationship between higher education and employment has a long history,which constitutes the theoretical starting point of this study.Based on the theory of internal and external relations of education,this paper constructs a dual-dimensional cross analysis framework of the relationship between higher education and employment from the two perspectives of individual certainty and social adaptability.Based on the specific indicators of "Graduates' employment rate","Graduates' employment matching rate","Graduates' employment scale matching degree" and "Graduates' employment structure matching degree",this paper mainly uses the methods of measuring historiography and mathematical model to investigate its historical evolution and looks forward to its future development trend of the relationship between higher education and employment since the reform and opening up.The conclusions are as follows:First,the evolutionary course of the relationship between higher education a nd employment.We found it has experienced four specific stages: "certainty-ina daptability"(1982-1995),"certainty-adaptability"(1996-2001),"uncertainty-inadapta bility"(2002-2005)and "adaptation-uncertainty"(2007-2019).Secondly,the motivation factors of the relationship between higher education and employment.The paper tries to find the dynamic factors of the change of their relationship from the internal and external aspects.It can be summarized as follows:Market Demand is the basic premise of the changes,Economic System Reform is the external driving force of the changes,the Development of Higher Education is the internal driving force of the changes,the Change of Employment System is the direct thrust of the changes.Thirdly,the logical evolution of the relationship between higher education and employment.The paper introduces the coordination theory of educational interest relationship.It explores the logic of the evolution of the relationship from the aspects of interest conflict and interest coordination.We found that the evolution of the relationship in the past 40 years is essentially a contradictory process of balanceimbalance-rebalancing between different subjects in different periods.Specifically speaking,the relationship between higher education and employment has gradually changed from the planned regulation and state standard to market choice and individual interest orientation,imbalance between national interests and market choice,Balancing and sharing interests orientation.Finally,the future trends of the relationship between higher education and employment.The paper uses Mathematical models such as Markov chain and grey prediction model to judge the relevant values and stage characteristics of their relationship.Than it points out that there will be a new form in the period of the 14 th five-year plan,called “adaptation-new certainty”.The morphological characteristics are as follows: Graduates' employment scale matching degree will experience a shift from decline to sustained recovery,Graduates' employment structure matching degree will remain at a high level,Graduates' employment rate will fall slightly but maintain a high level and Graduates' employment matching rate will keep in a low level but shows an upward trend.Therefore,to improve the Graduates' employment scale and structure matching degree and enhance the certainty of higher education and employment.We believe that comprehensive measures should be taken to construct the relationship between higher education and employment during the period of the "14th five-year plan".