Research On The Operation Mechanism Of Inclusive Private Kindergarten Policy

“Inclusive private kindergartens”is a unique policy concept or "Chinese expression" of policy in the new period of our country.And concept is the cornerstone of all theory system.The value orientation of inclusive education and the pursuit of private kindergartens reach inclusive acceptance wonderfully in today's special period of China.Inclusive private kindergartens are the result of game and compromise between the government pursuing the value of inclusive education and the private kindergartens pursuing the value of personalized education.The policy of inclusive private kindergartens is a rapid policy response to the policy demands of "difficult to enter the kindergarten and expensive to enter the kindergarten".It is also the outward transfer of public service power and responsibility.However,it is still the highlight of the government's commitment to public responsibility:It declares the ruling purpose of the communists that the people are supreme,shows the mission of the government,interprets the Communists' feelings for the people,and practices the people-centered development concept.And it is also the public's trust and expectation of the government's public responsibility,namely "government sensitivity".Carrying the function of promoting equity and social integration,the policy of inclusive private kindergartens not only has the tendency of "welfare state",but also highlights the characteristics of "new public governance".In a sense,the policy of inclusive private kindergartens is "resource integration and efficiency superposition".Since the birth of inclusive private kindergartens for more than ten years,is the policy design and system arrangement reasonable? How effective is the policy operation? Is the policy operation mechanism scientific? It has always been a concern of the academic community.This study is based on the effectiveness of the backstepping mechanism,that is,to analyze and study the policy operation mechanism is the premise of exploring the efficiency of policy operation.This study focuses on exploring and trying to answer the following questions,that is,whether the policy operation mechanism of inclusive private kindergartens is reasonable,scientific and standardized.This paper discusses the main body of policy operation of inclusive private kindergartens and the practical problems of its operation mechanism,that is,the main body of policy operation promotes the policy to operate in the field of inclusive private kindergartens,and there is a certain gap between the expected state and the actual state of the policy operation mechanism.Ethnography is a more appropriate research method to see through the gap between the two and explore the profound reasons behind.In this study,y County,n city,s province was selected as the object of ethnographic study.After more than six months of field research in 2016,2017 and 2018,the researchers collected a large number of oral data and local policy texts,which laid a solid foundation for the research on the operation mechanism of inclusive private kindergartens.This study investigates the policy operation mechanism in an all-round way,trying to show a "panorama" of the mechanism operation,that is,the presentation of the symptoms of the policy operation mechanism,the exploration of the source of the disease of the mechanism,and the thinking of the path to improve the mechanism.By combing the whole policy operation process,in-depth analysis of the policy operation mechanism and its pathological characteristics,systematic analysis and research,it is found that the pathological characteristics of the policy operation mechanism of inclusive private kindergartens are mainly as follows:As far as the government(including functional departments)is concerned,the supervision mechanism of power operation is not perfect,and the policy resources are allocated passively.In the process of policy operation,the government(including functional departments)is the owner of resources,the maker of distribution rules,and the power advantage while the object of policy has almost no say in the performance appraisal and political promotion of all government staff(including functional departments),so it is difficult for the government(including functional departments)to start from the actual interests of the policy object.Their top-down control orientation determines that they can not meet the individual interests of policy objects.At the same time,the "Absence" of the main body of supervision,the single means of supervision,the lack of supervision;in addition,the shortage of administrative resources and policy resources,the allocation of tasks by the superior,the tight time,the pressure,and so on.The above reasons eventually lead to the "negative" administrative allocation of policy resources,which indicates that the power operation supervision mechanism is not perfect.As far as inclusive private kindergartens are concerned,they are struggling to survive in the cracks between policy defects and market risks.The policy of inclusive private kindergartens is not attractive enough,and the evaluation weight of policy subjects leads to the deviation of management focus.To some extent,the government only gives the other party a school running license,which is almost completely selected by the market.Most inclusive private kindergartens are facing many peer "squeeze",and public kindergartens filled with competitive advantages directly threaten their living space.Meanwhile they are facing rising rent,expensive housing loans,high labor costs and other payment pressure.In order to increase the market share,they should install monitoring devices in children's learning and activity places and open the kindergartens to the society,which directly increases the mental pressure of organizers and kindergarten teachers.The propaganda of the media and the high attention paid by the society to preschool education aggravate their work pressure.Owing to the depression effect of urbanization,the number of students in rural areas and towns is gradually shrinking,which can be described as a drastic reduction for most inclusive private kindergartens that only rely on capturing students to survive.Therefore,policy defects,market risks and other factors cause most private kindergartens to face many survival difficulties.As far as parents or guardians are concerned,the guarantee mechanism of power operation is "weakened",the paradox of subsidy causes or intensifies social exclusion,and the degree of policy participation and response is not high.In the operation of policy,parents or guardians are in a weak position,and the access to information is not smooth,"information power is fragmented";they can not fully grasp the facts and some key details of the operation of policy,which directly leads to these facts and some key details escaping from their supervision field,and directly affects the participation and response of parents or guardians in the policy.This implies that the power operation guarantee mechanism is "weakened".The fraud in obtaining the qualification of very individual targeted poverty alleviation objects is rooted in the policy motivation,the lack of policy cognition of policy subjects and objects in the early stage of policy operation;the criteria of critical poverty support are vague,and the selection of critical poverty financing objects is not accurate;the operation of the subsidy policy contains the stigma of funding and the adverse incentive factors of financing,which leads to or intensifies social exclusion to some extent and in certain regions.The above reasons ultimately lead to low participation and response of policy objects.In view of the reality of the policy operation mechanism of inclusive private kindergartens,this study attempts to put forward the following policy operation vision:The government(including functional departments)should improve the power operation guarantee and supervision mechanism,accurately allocate policy resources,enhance the attractiveness of policies,enhance the policy recognition of inclusive private kindergartens,cultivate their endogenous motivation,and enhance the parents' or guardians' policy participation and response.