Research On The Teachers' Key Teaching Competence In The Stage Of Compulsory Education

To some degree,Education is the foundation for the development of a country and society.Teachers are the foundation for education.It is said that if a country gets prosper,it must respect teachers and pay more attention to its education.Under the background of the new era,teachers shoulder the great task of training the future qualified builders of our country.At the same time,The Times also puts forward the latest requirements for teachers' teaching competence.Nowadays,the key teaching ability of teachers is regarded as the essential teaching competence for teachers to engage in teaching work,and the decisive teaching ability for teaching quality and cultivating students' core competence.Therefore,in the education wave of cultivating students' core quality,the major developed countries in the world have proposed that teachers should have the key teaching competence to cultivate future students,and also have developed and issued a series of key teaching competence standards for teachers.In the wave of international teachers' teaching reform,especially since the releasing of Chinese students' future core competence in 2014,domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to learning Chinese teachers' key teaching competence and carried out relevant researches.These days,the number of the systematic research on teachers' key teaching competence is relatively low in China and the research on the connotation and formation mechanism of key teaching competence is relatively lower.The school education of compulsory education stage is students' education start.Hence the level of teachers' key teaching competence directly determines the foundation of essential character and key competence of primary and secondary middle school students.Therefore,this study shows a great theoretical and practical value.This study is developed by the following questions:·What is the key teaching ability?·How is it formed and developed?·What should we do to cultivate it?On the basis of sorting out relevant researches at home and abroad,this paper takes the cultivation of students' essential character and key competence in the new era as the starting point to determine the connotation and characteristics of key teaching competence from multiple perspectives by sorting out “competence”,“teaching competence” and “key”.Then,through investigation,coding,induction and analysis,the study reveals the structure and constituent elements.What's more,the study gets the general forming process and dynamic mechanism of teachers' key teaching competence in the stage of compulsory education by interviewing excellent teachers and analyzing excellent teachers' key teaching competence growth biography.Finally,the study tries to construct the cultivation paths of teachers' key teaching competences in the stage of compulsory education on the basis of the research above.Clarifying the connotation and characteristics of the key teaching competences of teachers in the stage of compulsory education is the basic premise to answer the following questions:What are the constituent elements of key teaching competence?What are their relationships? How are they formed and developed? Based on the dependent relation of word formation,the latter is subordinate to the former among ability,teaching ability and key teaching ability.Then firstly based on the etymology,Marx's practical philosophy,psychology,organizational management on the ability of research,the study interprets and understands the connotation and general characteristics of ability.Secondly the study clarifies the connotation of teaching to interpret the meaning of teaching competence.At last the study defines the key words Key Teaching competence ”by understanding the word key in English and Chinese contexts and referencing the theory of key competence.The key teaching competence of teachers at the stage of compulsory teachers is an important ability contained in the system of teachers' classroom teaching competence,which plays a leading role in ensuring teachers' classroom teaching effect and developing students' essential character and key competence,and which also can demonstrate and develop teachers' professional competence in the best way.The key teaching competences of teachers in the stage of compulsory education have the characteristics of universality,difference,situation,development,value,dominance and observability.It has great value and significance to further deepen the curriculum reform,improve the quality of classroom teaching,and promote the development of students and their own professional development.It is the first important part to research the constitution of teachers' key teaching competence in the stage of compulsory education.Drawing on the key literature analysis method,this study collects important document literature including key teaching competence standards for teachers in developed countries,papers and monographs on teachers' key teaching competence,professional standards for primary and secondary school teachers in China,the curriculum standards of all subjects in the stage of compulsory education,the speech about teachers' teaching by Xi Jinping in the new era,a series of education and teaching policies issued by the state since 2014,classroom records and teaching reflection of front-line teachers,in-depth interviews with front-line teachers and students.Then this study uses function of coding and clustering of NVIVO12.0 software to analyze the key literature to concise the elements of the key teaching competence.Finally,through Delphi expert questionnaire method,the author sends the questionnaire to some excellent front-line teachers and college experts to determine the key teaching ability.It is found that the key teaching competence of teachers in compulsory education mainly includes teaching and educating competence,inquiring teaching competence,cooperating teaching competence and transferring and applicating competence.These key teaching competences work together to achieve the classroom teaching objectives and complete teaching contents,and ultimately improve healthy development of students' essential characters and key competences.Another important part of this study is to research the general processes,influencing factors and driving mechanism of the formation and development of teachers' key teaching competence in compulsory education.Therefore,an interview outline of the formation and development of teachers' key teaching competence at the stage of compulsory education is prepared based on the preliminary research results.Then the study collects 20 provincial prominent teachers and senior teachers of primary and secondary schools as interviewees and biography of 13 famous teachers as samples for analysis.Through the analysis of these interviews and biographies of famous teachers,the following findings are found.In terms of the formation of key teaching competences,it has four stages:bud pregnant,gradually forming,art form and realizing freedom.And in the process of key teaching competence forming,it will be affected by positive and negative factors.Positive factors mainly include personal hard work,regular study,teaching research,teaching reflection.What's more,the external positive factors like important others,key events,loose and free development environment also promote and support its development.The negative factors are traditional conservative teaching concept,job burnout,closed teacher culture,exam-oriented culture,fine management system and multifarious work burden which hinder the growth of key teaching competence.In terms of the development of key teaching competence,it is a process of constant growth and development,a process of continuous dialogue between teachers and teaching practice,a process of continuous creation of teaching consciousness and teaching schema.The key teaching competence has the following characteristics in the development process,such as persistence and mutability,volatility and peakness,wholeness and diversity.The dynamic system to promote the development of teachers' key teaching competence in the stage of compulsory education consists of internal dynamic system and external dynamic system.The internal dynamic system is mainly the teachers' devotion to teaching and students,the pursuit of rationality and faith and the realization of self-value.The external dynamic system is the demand of curriculum teaching reform and needs of student personalized growth.The development of teachers' key teaching competences are manifested in the continuous growth of teachers through solving and reflecting on practical problems in classroom teaching under the combined effect of internal and external dynamic systems.As a matter of fact,the cultivation strategies of the key teaching competence of teachers in the compulsory education stage are put forward mainly based on the present situation investigation of key teaching competence,the influence factors and the driving mechanism of the key teaching competence.In order to improve the cultivation quality of teachers' key teaching competence in the stage of compulsory education and realize the effectiveness,scientificity and pertinence of the cultivation strategies,this study,which is based on the field investigation results and relevant theories,put forward the cultivating strategies of the key teaching competence constructed from four aspects:teachers' self-improvement,the construction of professional platform,the construction of cultural field and the perfect system guarantee.