| For a long time,the crux of school-enterprise cooperation in vocational education has been difficult to solve.Our country has been committed to learning the German Dual System,but has ignored a very important issue,that is,vocational education is closely related to the economic operation model.Germany implements coordinated market economy.It is characterized by system-based collective consultation,and its close school-enterprise cooperation relies on the well-established systems,legislations,and policies.However,our socialist market economic system has obvious characteristics of a free market economy.Therefore,many German experiences are incompatible with our existing economic operation rules,leading to the failure of most pilots in China.The United States is the representative of the free market economy.It is characterized by full freedom,advocating less government intervention and more flexible market,thus forming a loose cooperation model of vocational schoolintermediary organization-enterprise.In the future,the market will play a decisive role in resource allocation in China.Facing the problems of industrial transformation and upgrading and the shortage of skilled talents,it is urgent to explore how to change the cooperation model to adapt the rules of ecmomic operation in China.To learn more about American model,this study focuses on why and how the intermediaries participate in vocational school-enterprise cooperation and their participation effect.The main research method is literature research.Through this way,the study collects a large amount of materials and conducts an in-depth analysis based on the theoretical framework of the new institutionalism of organizational analysis.Then,the study makes a comparison by countries.In China,intermediaries have to face some challenges,for example,the lack of professional construction,the strict management system and the like.However,they also meet some opportunites in the new era,for example,the relatively loose political environment and the material brought by the reform of the market economic system.At last,the study proposes two major strategies for the improvement of vocational education intermediaries in our country.One is to enhance their external legitimacy by the effort of the conceptual change,the institution and policy guarantee.Another is to enhance their internal legitimacy through the decoupling and the confidence logic.The study has the following major findings.First,American intermediaries play an active role in the cooperation.They have formed a more detailed division of labor,including policy-making,funding,relationship coordination,curriculum development,talent demand research,certificate development,teacher training,student internship and the like.Second,their participation motivation has complex historical and practical reasons.From the outside,there are three aspects.One is that the regulatory requirements of American laws,regulations and asministrative policies have expanded their space for participation.One is that the long-standing volunteer spirit and wealth concept have won them normative legitimacy and the most extensive spiritual and material support in society.The other is that the traditional social autonomy tradition and cultural pluralism have made them deeply tooted in American cultural traditions,gaining legitimacy in the cultural-cognitive dimension,having cultural self-confidence and solidifying their foundation of interests.From the inside,changes in the organization structure also ensure the stability and success of their participation.Influenced by the institutional environment within the organizational field,the organizational structure of these intermediaries is also affected,keeping the same shape as the institutional environment.Third,differenct intermediaries have taken different measures to provide services for vocational school-enterprise cooperation.There are mainly four ways,namely,the impostion of organizational structure,the inducement of organizational structure,the authorization of organizational structure,and the acquisition of organizational structure.Fourth,the participation of intermediaries has brought so much positive impact on the institutional environment.Through their technical activites,they can help to implement the labor education and training goals of the institutional rules.At the same time,they also have an impat to the institutional rules,trying to form an institutional environment that is more conducive to the development of vocational education.In general,incentive policies can only be most effective when they complement with the existing coordination capabilities.The operating model of the free market economy seems to be more compatible with this loose school-enterprise cooperation model,while the close cooperation in Germany may violate the rules of free market economy.Then,compared with the high cost of institutional construction,using social intermediaries to construct the private order in school-enterprise cooperation is probably a more realistic way.Furthermore,it is easy to find that the highly flexible,non-profit nature and autonomous tradition of educational intermediary organizations can greatly save the transaction cost of school-enterprise cooperation.In summary,this research innovatively analyzes the problems of school-enterprise cooperation from the perspective of economic operation mode.It creatively summarizes the operation mode of vocational school-enterprise cooperation in America.In addition,based on the rules of economic operation in China,it draws a relatively new research point of view,that is,the school-enterprise cooperation model in our country needs to learn from American model at the current stage or for some time to come.In the follow-up research,it is necessary to further expand the research scope of American intermediary organizations,obtaining more solid first-hand information through various research methods,and conducting in-depth discussions on the mechanism and effect of intermediaries participating in school-enterprise cooperation. |
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