Research On The Tourism Interests' Evolution And Regulation Of Minority Villages In Yunnan Province

With the rural tourism-oriented poverty elimination and rural vitalization,vigorous development of minority village tourism has increasingly become an important way for economic growth,poverty alleviation and prosperity of residents in minority areas,and cultural heritage protection.Compared with other tourism resources,ethnic minority villages have prominent characteristics and strong attraction for tourists.Their tourism development is fast,but,their interests are diverse and their local interests are unbalanced.The conflicts of interests caused by them have gradually become a significant constraint factor for the sustainable development of ethnic minority villages'tourism and need to be solved urgently.Through summarizing and sorting out the relevant literature of ethnic tourism and tourism stakeholders at home and abroad,this paper found:The existing achievements basically focus on the static elaboration and expression of tourism interests.The study of interest subjects,interest demands and interest relations mostly stays in case analysis,and lacks dynamic investigation on the evolution of tourism interests of minority villages.This provides a new entry point and research direction for this paper,and helps to enrich the theoretical system of ethnic tourism development and tourism stakeholder research.Based on the definition of interests,tourism interests and minority village tourism,with the help of conflict,economic evolution and the theory of the life circle of tourist destinations,this paper analyses the interest evolution of minority village tourism from three aspects:interest subject,interest demand and interest conflict.Aiming at the phenomena of interest evolution,imbalance of interest relationship and continuing conflict of interest in the process of tourism development of ethnic villages,striving to resolve conflicts through interest regulation,breaking the path of low-efficiency path,so as to realize the sustainable development of ethnic village tourism.Based on the theoretical analysis and the practical experience of the development of ethnic tourism in Yunnan Province,this paper points out that:under the joint restriction of the backwardness of social economy and the modernity of tourism industry in ethnic minority villages,the basic process of tourism development in ethnic villages can be divided into five stages:germination,exploitation,development,consolidation and decline,this process constitutes the dimension of time evolution of ethnic village tourism benefit.Based on this,this paper has the following findings:(1)Along with the development stage,the interests of ethnic minority village tourism tend to be diversified.Based on the three indicators of benefit contribution,benefit enjoyment and benefit influence,this paper identifies the core stakeholders of ethnic village tourism by using expert evaluation method.In the germination stage,community residents and tourists are the core stakeholders;after entering the exploitation stage,community residents,tourists,government and enterprises have become the core stakeholders,and have long-term stability;with the evolution of the stakeholders,the ethnic village tourism has shifted from the spontaneous development of the endogenous type to the "spontaneous+push" mode of internal and external sources.(2)Along with the development stage,the demands of tourism interests of ethnic villages tend to diversify.This paper points out that the demands of tourism interests can be divided into four aspects:economy,culture,environment,politics and others.The demands of the core interest subjects revolve around the development of tourism industry and evolve from purely pursuing economic interests to comprehensive interests such as economy,culture,environment and politics.The interest demands of community residents are hierarchical,changing from survival type to development type;the government's interest appeal basically revolves around the demand for political achievements,shifting from industrial support to the improvement of villagers'living standards;enterprise's interest appeal always focuses on economy and pays attention to the coordination and maintenance of interest relationship;the core appeal of tourists is the ethnic cultural experience,which has experienced the transformation from seeking wonder sightseeing to attaching importance to tourism products and services;scholars and other social public have no direct interest appeal,but their influence on tourism development of ethnic villages has gradually increased.(3)As the development stage goes on,the game strategy of tourism stakeholders in ethnic villages evolves with the change of conflicts.The increase of stakeholders and the diversity of interest demands have broken the original balance of interests,and the conflicts of interests have changed accordingly.Through game analysis,we can see that:the core conflict of interest occurs between community residents and tourists in the germination stage.The optimal strategy combination is to standardize the management of community residents and satisfy tourists;at the stage of exploitation,the core conflicts of interest occur among the government,community residents and enterprises.The optimal strategy combination is that the government holds a fair position,enterprises increase investment,and community residents cooperate with development;at the stage of development,the core conflicts of interest occur between enterprises and community residents.The optimal combination of strategies is that the community shares the benefits and the community residents actively participate in tourism activities;at the consolidation stage,the core conflict of interest centers on the protection of ethnic culture,and the optimal combination of strategies is government guidance and community participation;in the decline stage,the core conflict of interest centers on the reduction of market scale,and the optimal strategy combination is enterprise's active innovation and tourists'satisfaction.(4)With the development stage,the regulation of tourism interests in ethnic villages needs to be improved step by step.The regulation and control of tourism interests in minority villages is a dynamic process,which should involve community residents,enterprises and the public under the leadership of the government;establish market management system in the germination stage,multi-stakeholder interest negotiation system in the exploitation stage,interest distribution system in the development stage,ethnic culture protection system in the consolidation stage and market innovation system in the decline stage,to optimize the development path of tourism in ethnic villages through improvement of system;the system construction is a continuous process,which is closely related to the tourism development environment of ethnic villages and the achievements of the previous stage.On the basis of the above analysis,this paper chooses Xishuangbanna Dai Park and Nuohei Village in Kunming as examples,and makes a comparative analysis of their interest evolution by means of literature collection,questionnaire survey and interview.The results showed that:(1)The intervention of enterprises can help villages break the path dependence of "endogenous" development,but it can also cause many conflicts of interest.Therefore,ethnic village tourism needs to pay special attention to the identification and cultivation of enterprises introduced;(2)The main demands of community residents have always been based on economic interests,lacking of channels and abilities to participate in tourism public affairs,resulting in a weak political appeal;(3)Conflicts in the germination stage have the smallest impact and can be resolved naturally by entering the exploitation stage.However,if conflicts of interest in the exploitation,development and consolidation stages are not effectively resolved,their impact will further deteriorate.The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in:breaking through the static analysis of interest subjects,interest demands and interest conflicts in Ethnic Village Tourism in the past,this paper probes into the evolution of tourism interests in Ethnic Minority Villages Based on practical clues,and points out that interest conflicts can be effectively solved through multi-subject participation,scientific guidance of interest demands and rational arrangement of system,and the stability of interest structure evolution can be ensured;taking minority village tourism as the research object,this paper verifies and enriches the theory of tourism destination life cycle,and points out that minority village as a micro-tourism destination,although its development mode is different,it can show a specific cycle and process by referring to its development scale.