Knowledge Spillover,Intellectual Property Rights Protection And Enterprise Innovation

Since entering the new normal,the factor endowment structure that China’s economic growth relies on has undergone great changes.In the past,the extensive economic growth mode,which investment,high consumption and high pollution is difficult to sustain,and the importance of innovation-driven development is becoming increasingly prominent.In this case,the outline of the 13 th five year plan puts forward the grand strategy of "innovation driven",and points out that the leading position and leading role of enterprise innovation should be strengthened.Driven by the national innovation strategy,over the years,the innovation input of enterprises has been increasing,and the innovation output of enterprises has also been greatly improved.However,the growth rate of national technology contract turnover and main business income of high-tech industry is slow,and from 2014 to 2016,the total import and export volume of high-tech products in China continued to show negative growth,indicating that most enterprises in China are still in the field of production of low value-added products,while the innovation ability of domestic enterprises lags behind the actual demand of economic development.The reasons are as follows: although increasing R & D investment can improve productivity and obtain first mover advantage,the externalities of knowledge,such as non competition and incomplete exclusiveness of knowledge,make it difficult for enterprises to prevent the external use of new knowledge and new technology produced by enterprise innovation activities,that is,the existence of knowledge spillover makes enterprises expect to improve their technical level through“knowledge spillover”.At the same time,it can prevent “knowledge spillover” and suffer from market competition.Under the joint effect of "free riding" and "risk aversion",the innovation driven development of enterprises is hindered due to the lack of innovation motivation and vitality.Based on this,in order to solve the "open paradox" of innovation activities and solve the contradiction that enterprises face knowledge spillover,this paper examines the internal relationship and influence mechanism of knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation.On the research content,based on the endogenous growth theory,property rights economics theory,contract theory,this paper analyzes the mechanism of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection on enterprises innovation,establishes a mathematical model to clarify the relationship between the three,and puts forward the research hypothesis of this paper.Secondly,based on Jaffe(1986,1988)and canels(2000)measurement ideas of knowledge spillovers,the knowledge spillovers actually acquired by cities are constructed as a function of the knowledge pool available to cities under the influence of absorptive capacity,technological proximity and geographical distance,and the actual knowledge spillovers received by 30 provinces(municipalities directly under the central government)excluding Tibet from 2004 to 2013 are measured According to the research of Han Yuxiong and Li Huaizu(2005),Wu Chaopeng(2016)and Wei Hao(2018),based on the GP method,the GP index of China’s intellectual property protection is calculated,and then the index system of law enforcement intensity is established to measure the different enforcement strength of each province.The actual intellectual property protection intensity of 30 provinces(cities)in the mainland of China from 2004 to 2013,excluding Tibet,is measured.On this basis,based on the provincial panel data of enterprise economic activities from 2004 to 2013 and the database data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2005 to 2007,using various econometric methods,empirically studied the relationship between knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation,and discussed the influence of intellectual property protection system on innovation input,enterprise output and innovation efficiency.In the research,we use the intermediary effect model to study the relationship between knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation;we use PSM matching method,multi period double difference method(DID),panel logit and panel Tobit model,and panel ordinary OLS and panel tool variable GMM method to study the regional differences of the impact of knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation activities This paper studies the differences of ownership,technology level and innovation category;constructs the transcendental logarithm stochastic frontier model to measure the innovation efficiency of Chinese provinces and cities from 2004 to 2013,and based on the above model,a panel threshold model is constructed to study the threshold effect of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection.Research findings:First,the relationship between knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation is embodied in the intermediary role of knowledge spillover.Using2004-2013 provincial panel data and 2005-2007 Chinese industrial enterprise data,whether through causality step by step test or direct test,we can find that knowledge spillover has conduction function in the activities of intellectual property protection to promote enterprise innovation input and output.That is,intellectual property protection as an incentive mechanism,has a significant role in promoting enterprise innovation;intellectual property protection not only has a significant positive incentive to enterprise innovation,but also stimulates enterprise innovation by enhancing knowledge spillover.It shows that the impact of intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation activities can be transmitted through the path of knowledge spillover.Second,due to the different geographical location,ownership nature and technical status of enterprises,the impact of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation is also different.Compared with public-owned enterprises,private enterprises cultivate the knowledge environment needed for innovation activities through knowledge spillover,rely on intellectual property protection system,alleviate the obstacles of enterprise innovation requisition,the closer the enterprise is to the technological frontier,The stronger the technological innovation level,and the less useful information from knowledge spillover.Therefore,the less incentive effect of knowledge spillover on its innovation activities is,and the more advanced the enterprise’s technology level is,the better the protection of its innovation achievements is The more urgent it is,the greater the incentive of intellectual property protection to enterprise innovation.Third,intellectual property protection increases the barriers of learning,absorbing and using existing knowledge,increases the cost of knowledge use,and has a negative incentive for compound(sequential)innovation;the greater the influence of upstream innovator’s intellectual property protection level on innovation activities,the wider the upstream intellectual property protection scope,the greater the protection intensity,the more unfavorable to downstream enterprises to open up innovation space.Therefore,on average,the impact of intellectual property protection in the Middle East on composite(sequential)innovation is lower than that in the west.Fourth,knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection play a positive role in improving the innovation efficiency of Chinese enterprises.Knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection have great regional differences in the incentive of innovation efficiency of enterprises in China.Knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection promote the innovation efficiency of enterprises in western region more than in central and eastern region.The impact of intellectual property protection on the innovation efficiency of enterprises has “single threshold effect” of Knowledge spillover.With the knowledge spillover crossing the threshold value of 7.8970,the incentive of intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation efficiency increases from 0.0882 to 0.1489;the influence of knowledge spillover on enterprise innovation efficiency exists in the “double threshold effect” of intellectual property protection.With the improvement of intellectual property protection level,the threshold values are 1.0106 and 2.5066 in turn,and the positive effect coefficient of knowledge spillover on innovation efficiency increases from 0.0302 to 0.0391 and then to 0.0505.Therefore,when the level of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection is in a reasonable range,that is,the optimal range of knowledge spillover is above 7.8970,and the optimal range of intellectual property protection intensity is above2.5066,so as to maximize the innovation efficiency of enterprises.Based on the above research conclusions,based on the logic of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection to encourage enterprise innovation,this paper draws a conclusion that intellectual property protection should be used as the basis to unblock the channels of knowledge spillover.To provide a good knowledge environment and institutional conditions for enterprise innovation and other countermeasures.Compared with previous studies,the possible contribution of this paper is as follows:first,from the perspective of research,the relationship between knowledge spillover,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation is clarified,the intermediary role of knowledge spillover on intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation is discussed,and the mutual influence mechanism and function of the two on enterprise innovation efficiency are discussed.Secondly,the measurement methods of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection are constructed on the measurement of variable index.Thirdly,in empirical research,the innovative effects of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection are distinguished according to different regions,different types of ownership and different levels of enterprise technology.Further,the implementation effect of macroeconomic system is investigated from the perspective of micro-enterprise,and the research of macroeconomic system and micro-enterprise behavior is put into practice.In this paper,the influence of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection on innovation efficiency of enterprises is studied by using the stochastic frontier method of super logarithmic production function.Taking the enterprise innovation efficiency as the research object,this paper uses the panel threshold model to study the mechanism of knowledge spillover and intellectual property protection on enterprise innovation efficiency,and explores the optimal intensity range of the two.Fourth,in the overall understanding of the connotation of innovation,the impact of intellectual property protection on enterprise compound innovation is investigated,supplemented by empirical test.