| It seems that the study of poverty alleviation is somewhat out of line with finance field.This question may sound reasonable at first glance,but there is somebiaswhen you think about it over.It is well known that government is responsible for poverty alleviation.Since the Mid-1980s,the Chinese government has always regarded rural poverty alleviation as an important government project,and in recent years it has been regarded as one of the "three major battles" that the Chinese government must carry out.To effectively carry out this costly poverty alleviation project,finance is the main source of funds for the government.Because the objective of poverty alleviation is not to make profitsbut to achieve social equity and long-term peace and stability.Therefore,from the nature of funds,financial funds are more suitable for poverty alleviation.Therefore,poverty alleviation,should be researched by financiologist.The actual meaning and importance of this paper about deep poverty condition and poverty alleviation may be questioned because Chinese government intend to achieve the rural overall poverty reduction by 2020.According to the current poverty standard,poverty alleviation means that the average annual income of poor farmers should reach more than 2,300 yuan(which has been adjusted to more than3,000 yuan with the change of price index in recent years).Internationally,this standard is between the extreme poverty standard published by the world bank and the standard of stable subsistence poverty.According to the extreme poverty standard published by the world bank,China is fully capable of achieving the poverty reduction target by 2020,or even exceeding it.But if the standard of stable food and clothing is followed,it is likely that new rural poor will emerge.In other words,the country's declared goal of lifting all rural residents out of poverty by 2020 is still a low level of poverty alleviation,which will be followed by new rural poverty once the poverty standard is raised.For example,in 2011,China raised the poverty level in rural areas from 1,274 yuan to 2,300 yuan,and the number of rural poor rose from 26.88 million in 2010 to 128 million,an increase of more than 100 million.This will be more obvious in Guizhou where both poverty ranges and levels are the highest in the country.Therefore,rural poverty alleviation is likely to be a long-term historical task.We should have a correct understanding and ideological preparation for this,otherwise we may make historic mistakes.As we all know,since the birth of human society,poverty has accompanied every stage of human development,and has spread to every corner of human society.Scholars in various countries and fields have never stopped the study of poverty.And their own knowledge and research results have established an excellent theoretical foundation for understanding and fighting with poverty.For example,the understanding of the social phenomenon of poverty is more and more comprehensive from ROWNTREE's absolute poverty to the relative poverty of the Peter Thomson,and the multidimensional poverty index and the theory of sustainable livelihood framework.At present,the poverty is mainly absolute poverty,also known as subsistence poverty,in some underdeveloped countries.however,in developed countries the poverty is mainly relative poverty;and in most developing countries,the poverty is a mixture of absolute and relative poverty,and more often absolute poverty.Therefore,the poverty alleviation in developing countries is the most complex and arduous.The achievement of poverty alleviation in China is encouraging and exciting,which has made a huge contribution to the world's anti-poverty career.After decades of struggle poverty,the number of people of absolute poverty has decreased from 250 million at the beginning of reform and opening up to 16.6million in 2018.With the development of poverty alleviation in China the main current challenge t is "deep poverty"."To alleviate deep poverty,and help people who live in poverty-stricken areas counties,villages is a meaningful and challenging work.Although Guizhou Province has made great achievements of poverty alleviation in the past few decades,due to its remote geographical location,harsh natural environment,lagging economic and social development and many historical reasons,combined with other factors,the poverty situation in Guizhou Province has always been more severe than in other provinces.By 2017,there were still more than 2.8 million people in deep poverty in Guizhou Province,with 14 counties and2,760 villages.Most of these deep-poverty villages belong to ethnic minority villages,and at the same time they are widely distributed in mountainous areas which has some special characteristics,e.g.relatively harsh natural environment harsh poor natural resources,fragile ecological environment,the poorly developed economy and society,and the contradiction between man and land is prominent,.These factors are seriously restricting the development of rural areas in these deeppoor areas of Guizhou Province and alleviation the poverty of the deep-poor population.According to 13th five-year plan,2020 is the last year for developing the Xiaokang society.Absolute poverty under the current standards should be completely eliminated by 2020,and Guizhou Province is facing a more severe and complicated poverty situation.It is still a big challenge to precisely alleviate relative poverty on schedule with good quality,as well as whether form the effective system and the plan.The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive analysis of the deep poverty in rural areas of Guizhou Province and a systematic exploration of the causes of deep poverty in rural areas of Guizhou Province,and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the government-led poverty alleviation in rural areas of Guizhou Province over the past years.These will provide more scientific policy recommendations for the further improvement of rural precise poverty alleviation in Guizhou province.The author read a large number of literature on Poverty,anti-poverty theoretical research,access to a large number of National Statistical annuals Data and Statistical annuals data in Guizhou Province.Since 2014,the author made a field survey of the deep poverty villages in several cities and states of Guizhou Province.According to the basic principle of the "analysis framework of sustainable livelihood theory",the author used the "Natural capital,material capital,human capital,financial capital and social capital" as five livelihood indicators.these five indicators were subdivided into various sub-indicators,and a detailed and operable questionnaire was designed.Based on a long tome visit survey,we collected large number of firsthand real data from deep poverty rural areas.In this paper,firstly.the author studies the definition of poverty,causes of poverty,anti-poverty theory,including the theoretical research on financial antipoverty.Secondly,we explored the poverty situation in Guizhou Province,the poverty situation in Guizhou Province,the poverty situation in 14 deep-poverty counties and the concentrated areas in Guizhou Province.Thirdly,we analyze the Field Survey Data and caclulated the financial poverty reduction rate in deeppoverty rural areas in Guizhou Province.Finally,we summarized the achievements and shortcomings of poverty alleviation in Guizhou Province,and Future Policy Recommendations,.We tried to joint theory with practice,and combine macrocosm with microcosm analysis.In this paper,we sorted out some economic and social indicators of Guizhou Province from 2013 to 2017,and compareed them with the national average.we also analyzed some socio-economic indicators of three contiguous areas of extreme poverty in Guizhou Province and compared them with the average level of Guizhou Province.To objectively presents the livelihood status of the rural households in the deep poverty villages in Guizhou Province and find the causes of poverty,a large number of survey data obtained through field surveys were collated as the five livelihood indicators according to the guiding framework of the sustainable livelihood theory,and the collated data were further analyzed.Based on the analysis,the author found that the poverty phenomenon in the deep poverty rural areas of Guizhou Province mainly presents the characteristics of "flaky agglomeration" in terms of geographical distribution,they are concentrated in areas with poor natural environment and frequent natural disasters,such as Alpine mountain areas,mountainous areas,Mid-Levels,river valley areas,etc.At the same time,there is a considerable overlap between the deep poverty rural areas and ethnic areas in Guizhou Province,therefore,it has ethnic characteristics.As far as the poverty situation is concerned,the deep poverty rural areas in Guizhou Province show the characteristics of "high incidence of poverty","complicated factors leading to poverty" and "great difficulty in poverty eradication".The causes of deep poverty in rural areas of Guizhou Province cover almost all the "ethnic,historical,natural,economic and social" causes.Faced with such a severe situation of deep poverty,Guizhou Province has effectively alleviated the poverty situation by vigorously developing "industry poverty alleviation",pushing forward "relocation poverty alleviation" and "education poverty alleviation" and other poverty alleviation measures.However,the livelihood capital of the rural areas in the deep-poverty areas,in particular,public goods and services related to finance are needed,such as transportation,communications,irrigation,drinking water,compulsory education,medical and health care,community building,subsidies for the five-guarantee household and the low-guarantee household.On the basis of the above analysis,the author gives some suggestions to improve the precision poverty alleviation in the deep poverty rural areas of Guizhou.First of all,anti-poverty is a long-term historical task,therefore,the key to poverty alleviation should not be "eager for quick success and instant benefit","eager to achieve success";We will implement a targeted comprehensive governance strategy.Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood,we also give some suggestions on strengthening the construction of material capital,human capital,natural capital,financial capital and social capital in the deep poverty rural areas of Guizhou Province.Specifically,it is proposed that the use of financial funds should be improved and standardized first,and that Rural grass-roots democracy should play a full supervisory role of the use of poverty alleviation funds.Secondly,in order to make up for the weak basic links and strengthen physical capital,it is necessary to continuously improve road improvement,maintenance and public transport services in deep-poverty rural areas,further carry out farmland and water conservancy reform,and build high-standard basic farmland and supporting facilities,improving the living and developing conditions of rural farmers in deep poverty.Thirdly,we should strengthen all levels of education including medical and health care,technical training and so on.In order to improve and utilize natural capital in various ways according to local conditions,we should consolidate the relocation to help the poor,so as to move out and settle down.We should make use of local resources with local characteristics,support related industries,and strengthen financial support to contiguous poor areas.We should attach importance to and guide various forms of social aid-the-poor,introduce social funds and advanced technologies and concepts,and help the local poor farmers get rid of poverty and become rich.We should vigorously promote policy-based insurance and guard against all kinds of risks.In shaping effective social capital,we should give full play to the role of rural cooperative organizations,through the collective strength,overcome the lack of small production,drive poor households out of poverty and become rich. |
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