Research On Risk Identification And Management Of Farmland Transfer

Since the reform and opening up,China's rural land system reform has transformed farmers from a simple "laborer" to a "producer" and "operator",which greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production and improved the efficiency of agricultural operations.However,with the rapid advancement of China's agricultural modernization process,defects such as small scale of farmer operations,fragmentation of land,and inefficient allocation of resources have begun to emerge,farmland transfer is an effective way to solve the problem of land fragmentation,scale operation and efficiency of resource allocation.Through the transfer of farmland,some places have indeed achieved the "three wins" of village collectives,farmland renter and households,which has driven the development of rural economy and the income of farmers;but at the same time,there are also many problems such as "malicious land","destroying abandonment of farming","non-food" and "non-agriculturalization" of farmland,causing transfer risks,hindering the implementation of policies,and endangering rural social stability.Farmland transfer risk involves many subjects and large interests,complicated production processesand serious consequences,once happens,it will have a huge social impact,which has become a difficult point in China to promote the scale operation of farmland realize and the development of rural economy and society.In view of the fact that the transfer of farmland may cause complex and diverse risks,this study first briefly reviews the evolution process of China's farmland transfer policy since the founding of the People's Republic of China,and summarizes the current characteristics and existing status of farmland transfer from the national macro level and the micro level of Anhui Province.Then;based on the risk management theory,construct a theoretical analysis framework of farmland transfer risk of "Risk identification-Risk evaluation-Formation mechanism-control Policy";on this basis,based on the typical regional interview data of farmland transfer in Anhui Province,using the grounded theory research method system Identify the various types of risks that may be faced by different risk entities in different stages of farmland transfer,and obtain a list of risks.Secondly,use social network analysis to determine the relationship between various types of risks,and construct a risk network for farmland transfer,and The individual evaluates the key factors and key relationships of the risk network and obtains the key risks in the risk network.Finally,the structural equation model system is used to analyze the formation mechanism of key risks of farmlandtransfer,and the risk sources and their effects of various risks are clarified.Path,and thus risk from various risks Starting propose appropriate control policies.In order to prevent the risk of farmlandtransfer,protect the basic rights and interests of farmers,guide the orderly transfer of farmland,and promote the transformation of rural economic and social development.(1)In the process of farmland transfer,various risk entities face 18 types of farmland transfer risks.In order to systematically identify the risk of farmland transfer,this part is based on interview data in the typical transfer area of Anhui Province,using the grounded theory to study the process of three-level coding.According to the three stages of the whole life cycle of farmland transfer,the 18 types of risks that various risk subjects may face are identified in turn,and the list of farmland transfer risks is obtained.The results show that:In the stage of farmland transfer,the village cadres mainly face the risk of performance appraisal,the scale of the transferred households is facing the scale risk,and the transferred households face the risk of forced transfer and the risk of transfer.In the implementation stage of farmland transfer,village cadres face management risks and farmland protection risks;transfer households face technical risks,operational financing risks,land use risks and performance risks;transfer households face economic income risks,unemployment risks,old-age risks and Benefits express risks.In the completion stage of farmland transfer,the village cadres face the risk of credibility;the transferred households are exposed to the risk of loss;the transferred households face the risk of land loss and the risk of land loss.(2)Among the 18 types of farmland transfer risks,mandatory transfer risk,land use risk,contract performance risk and economic return risk are the key risks.In order to accurately determine the key risks in the risk network,this part is based on the farmland transfer risk list,combined with 88 questionnaires,using social network analysis method to first determine the relationship between the various risks in the risk list,thus constructing the agriculture The network flows to the risk network;then it evaluates the key factors and key relationships of the risk network from both the overall and the individual aspects,and finally obtains the key risks in the farmland transfer risk network.The results show that:The key risk factors of the farmland transfer risk network are R3,R95 R10 and R11;The key risk relationship of the farmland transfer risk network is R3?R15,R3?R5,R9?R6,R11?R13,R10?R11,R1?R3,R9?R18,R7?R10.Therefore,as long as the key risks of R3,R9,R10 and R11 are effectively controlled,they can be cut off from other risks in the risk network,which greatly reduces the risk of farmland transfer.(3)The key risks of the 4 types of farmland transfer are mainly affected by risk sources such as contract factors,policy factors,access factors,implementation factors,regulatory factors,institutional factors,and information factors.In order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of risk management and control policies,this part is based on the key risks of farmland transfer risk assessment.Firstly,the risk sources and their action paths of various risks are clarified theoretically,and then they are applied by structural equation modeling.Verification,so as to systematically analyze the formation mechanism of key risks of farmland transfer;finally,based on the risk formation mechanism,propose corresponding control policies from the risk sources of various risks.The results show that:?Agricultural sources of exogenous risk sources include institutional factors and policy factors;endogenous sources of risk include access factors,enforcement factors,information factors,Contract factors and regulatory factors;among them,the mandatory transfer risk is mainly affected by policy factors and enforcement factors;land use risks are mainly affected by policy factors and access factors.Contract factors and regulatory factors are four types of risk sources;performance risk is mainly affected by access factors and contract factors;economic return risks are mainly affected by institutional factors and enforcement factors,information factors and contract factors four types of risk sources.(4)Starting from the source of risk,proposing control countermeasures can improve the pertinence and effectiveness of risk control.In order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the risk management and control policy,this part is based on the formation mechanism of key risks of farmland circulation,and proposes corresponding control policies from the risk sources of various risks.The results show that:the risk of forced circulation:the management and implementation of the farmland transfer policy design and implementation,the specific measures include the rational formulation of farmland transfer goals,improve the performance evaluation standards of farmland transfer,and strengthen the training of farmland transfer business.Land use risk:It controls and controls the farmland transfer supervision mechanism,contract management,policy design and access mechanism.The specific measures include strengthening the follow-up supervision of farmland transfer,standardizing farmland transfer contracts,and scientifically setting incentive mechanisms.Construct a farmland transfer access mechanism.Implementation risk:It controls and controls the contract management and access mechanism.The specific measures include standardizing the management of farmland circulation contract,constructing the farmland transfer access mechanism,and establishing the farmland transfer risk guarantee system.Economic income risk:Control and control from four aspects:institutional arrangement,information sharing,contract management and policy implementation.Specific measures include accelerating the reform of the "three powers separation" of farmland,setting up a farmland transfer information service platform,and regulating agriculture.Land transfer contracts,and strengthen farmland transfer business training.