Research On Sustainable Livelihoods Of Relocated Peasant Households In Relocation

Poverty is a common problem in the world.China’s efforts to combat poverty have taken a long time,taken a variety of measures and invested heavily,and achieved remarkable results.The incidence of poverty has been significantly reduced,the income of the poor has continued to rise,and the deep poverty in the region has been steadily improved.However,there are still many problems and challenges in poverty control.In particular,it is difficult for the poor people living in areas where there is no land for them to live,to accelerate local development and get rid of poverty.Therefore,in 2015,the state fully implemented the relocation plan for poverty alleviation and relocation in the “five batches” plan of the new era of poverty alleviation actions.10 million poor people have been relocated and assisted in comprehensive livelihoods,and gradually achieved poverty alleviation and prosperity.During the same period,458,700 people were relocated from Wuling Mountain and Luoxiao Mountain in Hunan Province,accounting for 68.24% and 4.59% of the total tasks in Hunan Province and the whole country,and they are one of the important positions for the implementation of the relocation strategy of poverty alleviation from inexorable areas.Through the efforts of governments at all levels,the relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas has achieved positive results.However,from the perspective of livelihood sustainability,whether the relocated farmers can achieve sustainable livelihood is the most important criterion to measure the effect of poverty alleviation and relocation policies.The question that needs to be studied and discussed here is how does relocation affect the sustainable livelihood of relocated farmers? What is the impact of relocation policy on the sustainable livelihood of relocated farmers’ families? What is the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of relocated farmers caused by relocation? From the perspective of sustainable livelihood,how do relocated farmers respond to the policy of relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas? In view of this,this study based on microscopic perspective,relocated farmers to expand the change move farmers sustainable livelihoods analysis framework,the empirical comparison before and after relocation move farmers livelihood capital dynamics,analyze the move on the action mechanism of farmers’ sustainable livelihood for poverty alleviation,and through to the relocated farmers livelihood capital change and the study of relationship between livelihood strategy choice,It is of great academic value and practical significance to find the way to ensure the sustainable livelihood of the relocated peasant households and to explore and perfect the policy of resettlement of poverty alleviation in the inhospitable areas.In this paper,the main research contents and research conclusions are as follows:First,research on the mechanism of the relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas and the sustainable livelihood development of migrant farmers.In DFID sustainable livelihoods based on the analysis framework,constructing under the background of the change of poverty alleviation and move move farmers sustainable livelihoods analysis framework,analyze the relocated farmers move in the face of the impact of the external environment changes,reconfigure the livelihood capital to construct the livelihood strategies,thus achieving sustainable livelihoods the whole process of mechanism.It is found that a deep understanding of the internal relationship and influence mechanism among the livelihood capital change,livelihood strategy choice and livelihood outcome output of relocated farmers in the context of relocation of poverty alleviation from inner-land can better reflect the overall picture of the livelihood dynamic change of relocated farmers.Second,the impact of relocation for poverty alleviation and relocation on the sustainable livelihood capital of relocated farmers.The first is the analysis of the impact of the relocation behavior on the sustainable livelihood capital of the relocated rural households.Based on the framework of sustainable livelihoods,construct a livelihood capital indicator system for relocated rural households,and conduct quantitative analysis and comprehensive comparison of the differences in the level and structure of household livelihood capital before and after the relocation.The study found that the average value of the livelihood capital of the relocated rural households changed significantly before and after the implementation of the relocation.The poverty reduction performance of the relocation poverty alleviation policy was obvious.The increase in the comprehensive value of the livelihood capital of the relocated rural households was mainly due to the increase in physical capital.They are the increase in financial capital and social capital.The second is the analysis of the impact of the relocation policy on the sustainable livelihood capital of the relocated rural households.Taking centralized resettlement and relocation farmers as the experimental group and decentralized resettlement and relocation farmers as the control group,the double difference method is used to analyze the impact of the relocation policy on the livelihood capital of the relocation farmers’ families.The study found that the total livelihood capital of farmers resettled by centralized resettlement significantly increased compared with that by decentralized resettlement,which verified the effectiveness of the current relocation policy of "centralized resettlement as the main policy and decentralized resettlement as the supplementary policy" for poverty reduction.Thirdly,the paper studies the influence of the change of livelihood capital on the choice of livelihood strategy.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of livelihood capital on livelihood strategy choice of migrant households,and the livelihood strategy choice of migrants with different livelihood capital endowments and the identification of influencing factors after relocation were systematically discussed.Furthermore,multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the livelihood strategy of immigrant households,and to analyze the influence of livelihood capital subdivision index on the choice of livelihood strategy of immigrants and the mutual transformation of different livelihood strategies,so as to more clearly understand the law of the dynamic adjustment of livelihood strategy of immigrants to form the expected livelihood results.Study shows that the migrant farmers livelihood strategy was conducted according to the structure change of livelihood capital levels and reassembled and configuration and dynamic adjustment,migrant farmers will consider to choose the most suitable livelihood capital endowment conditions and livelihood model to adapt to the in-going ground external environment;The difference of livelihood capital endowment of migrant farmers leads to the difference of livelihood strategy choice.The livelihood capital segmentation index affects the choice of livelihood strategy and the transformation among different livelihood strategies of immigrants.Fourth,research on the evaluation of the effects of relocation policies for poverty alleviation.Based on the results of sustainable livelihoods,a framework for evaluating the effects of relocation policies for poverty alleviation and relocation has been constructed.Through optimal scale regression models,factors such as social adaptation,political trust,family population and economic geography of resettlement sites are used to evaluate the effects of relocation policies for poverty alleviation Impact.Studies have shown that relocated farmers have a high evaluation of the effects of relocation policies for poverty alleviation;social adaptation factors,political trust factors,family demographic factors,and economic and geographic factors of resettlement sites all have a significant positive impact on the evaluation of the effects of relocation policies for poverty alleviation.The innovations of this thesis are as follows: First,based on the research framework,this research expands and builds the sustainable livelihood analysis framework of relocated farmers based on sustainable livelihoods DFID analysis framework,and introduces the characteristics of the relocated farmers’ personal and family characteristics,community characteristics,etc.The subjective internal factors that affect the livelihoods of rural households,and the key policy and institutional factors of relocation policies that affect the sustainable livelihoods of relocated rural households,comprehensively analyze how relocated rural households are based on changes in vulnerability environment and livelihood capital in the context of external impacts from relocation.To adjust the choice of livelihood strategies at the right time to realize the mechanism of sustainable livelihoods will help to further clarify the ways to realize sustainable livelihoods of relocated farmers.The analysis context is clearer and the research conclusions are more comprehensive.Secondly,in terms of research methods,this research uses decentralized resettlement farmers as the reference object,and uses a double difference model to explore the net effect of different relocation policies on the sustainable livelihoods of relocated farmers,which is different from existing studies that explore the impact of relocation policies on the livelihood activities of relocated farmers At the time,simply comparing the difference in livelihood capital of relocated rural households and non-relocated rural households can more effectively identify the real effects of different relocation policies on the sustainable livelihoods of relocated rural households.Thirdly,from the perspective of research,this study focuses on the impact of the change of livelihood capital of relocated farmers in a specific research area on the choice of livelihood strategy,so as to reflect the overall picture of the dynamic change of livelihood of relocated farmers in a specific research area.Binary Logistic regression model and multiple Logistic regression model were used to empirically reveal the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of relocated farmers,so as to more clearly understand the dynamic adjustment of livelihood strategy to form the expected livelihood outcome of relocated farmers in contiguous impoverished areas when they meet with the change of external environment.Fourth,in terms of policy evaluation,this study incorporates the two key elements of social adaptation and political trust into the evaluation of the effects of relocation poverty alleviation and relocation policies,and empirically analyzes the relationship between the social adaptation and political trust of relocated rural households and the evaluation of the effects of relocation poverty alleviation and relocation policies.Its mechanism of action,the innovative application of this policy effect evaluation indicator,provides innovative ideas for measuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the relocation policy,and at the same time expands the research methods and approaches for the sustainable livelihoods of relocated farmers.However,this paper still has some shortcomings.For example,there are limitations in sample selection.It mainly uses static data obtained from field investigations for analysis.It has not yet combined long-span time series data and panel data for analysis.There are certain limitations in the study of sustainable livelihood dynamics;theoretical analysis still needs to be in-depth.There is a lack of practical observation and systematic summary on the relationship between the change of livelihood capital of relocated rural households and the choice of livelihood strategies,and it is a new situation of targeted poverty alleviation.There is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the dynamic change law and development trend prediction of the sustainable livelihoods of relocated farmers.These shortcomings are also the goals of further research in the future.