Study On Sustainable Livelihood Of Relocation Of Poverty Alleviated Population In Ningxia

The relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas in China has gone through the stages of preliminary exploration,pilot promotion,comprehensive promotion and decisive poverty alleviation,it has been upgraded from local and regional exploration and practice to a systematic poverty alleviation project with national top-level design and extensive implementation.Sorting out the development context of China's poverty alleviation immigrants in the past 30 years can clarify the logic of poverty alleviation and relocation in inhospitable areas,the goal is to "uproot the root of poverty" fundamentally,the starting point is to solve the contradiction between people and the environment from the source,the path is to promote the equalization of urban and rural public services in the process,the final foothold is to grasp the root of "helping people" from the result,and realize the development of people.At present,there are a lot of academic achievements on the relocation of poverty-stricken people from inhospitable areas,mainly focusing on policy review,background interpretation and summary of poverty alleviation.There is a lack of systematic research on the follow-up livelihood development of the relocation of poverty-stricken people from inhospitable areas.The goal is to "pull out the root of poverty" fundamentally,the starting point is to solve the contradiction between people and the environment from the source,the path is to promote the equalization of urban and rural public services in the process,and the final foothold is to grasp the root of "helping people" from the result,and realize the development of people.Whether the large-scale relocation population can achieve "stability,development and prosperity" is directly related to the consolidation of the achievements of national poverty alleviation and the orderly implementation of rural revitalization strategy,which has also become the theme of this study.There are three reasons why the paper chooses the poverty alleviation immigrants in Ningxia as the research object.First,Ningxia is one of the earliest regions in China to implement poverty alleviation relocation from inhospitable areas,and the livelihood development of immigrants in this region has been the focus of attention from all circles since the 1980 s.Secondly,there are more than 1.2 million poverty alleviation immigrants in Ningxia.At present,there are not only the largest ecological immigration for poverty alleviation development zone in China,but also representatives of east-west cooperation and counterpart assistance,showing typicality and diversity.Many resettlement sites have formed complete social networks,and the livelihood situation of immigrants is more realistic and objective.Third,the areas from which the poor people move out of Ningxia are concentrated in the central arid area and the Liupan mountain in the south,which are mainly ethnic minority agglomeration areas.Investigation of the livelihood status of local immigrants can reveal the overall characteristics of the livelihood of poverty alleviation immigrants in ethnic minority areas.Combined with the institutional arrangement of the poverty alleviation immigrants in Ningxia,the paper divides the relocation and resettlement areas into "the radiant area of the provincial capital economic circle","the key support area of the partner cooperation","the national poverty alleviation and immigration development zone" and "the resettlement area in the nearest county",focusing on the livelihood development of immigrants in the four periods of "2000-2005,2006-2010,2011-2015,2016-2020" respectively.The SLA framework of Britain's DFID is composed of "livelihood capital,livelihood strategy,livelihood output,vulnerability background,organizational structure and procedure rules".Based on the actual research on poverty alleviation immigrants in China,this paper translates external intervention in the SLA framework into market economy development,coordination of organizational forces and grass-roots social governance.Based on the improved framework of sustainable livelihood,this paper adopts the methods of combining theoretical analysis with field investigation,qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis,and case study with overall study,aiming to achieve three research objectives: The first is to construct the livelihood capital assessment system,and answer the relationship between the livelihood capital structure and livelihood strategy choice of the immigrant masses;The second is to clarify the impact of external intervention on the livelihood and development of the immigrant masses;The third is to identify the future government,society and immigrants themselves should consider the strategy and tactics.The results show that :(1)the livelihood capital stock of immigrants is low,and there are differences in the livelihood capital of immigrants in different resettlement areas;(2)The structure of immigrant's livelihood capital is unbalanced,and the shortage of human capital restricts the choice of diversified livelihood strategies;(3)Market economy impacts the production and life of immigrants,and speeds up the risk transfer of immigrants' livelihood;(4)The government forces promote the accumulation of resources and bring about the passive choice of immigrants' livelihood;(5)Grass-roots social governance plays a key role in reshaping the living space of migrants.According to the research conclusion,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the development of immigrants' livelihood from the aspects of human capital cultivation,the vitality of resource elements,the basic development environment,the level of grass-roots governance and ethnic exchanges,communication and integration.The paper further points out that attention should be paid to the relationship between the macro-environment of resettlement areas,the micro-environment of immigrant communities and the sustainable livelihoods of immigrants,while focusing on the enhancement of the individual capacities of immigrants,and make clear the significance of the follow-up support for the relocation of poverty-stricken people and grass-roots social governance.