| With the strong promotion of the national poverty alleviation strategy,in December 2020,all the registered poor households have got rid of poverty,which indicates China has entered a well-off society in an all-round way.Of course,according to the typology of poverty,absolute poverty has been eliminated in China,and relative poverty will continue to exist.At the same time,the state proposes to"consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation",which means that the state will continue to provide necessary and sustainable institutional guarantee measures to the registered poor households.Meanwhile,there are still a large number of low-income families in rural areas.These two kinds of families belong to poor families in the sense of social policy.Judging from experience,rural poor families belong to vulnerable groups in society,so children who grow up in poor families will encounter many challenges in the development process.According to the official statistics and news reports,there are a large number of poor children in rural areas,and the family environment and social environment restrict their healthy growth and successful socialization.Even some families have caused extremely serious children’s tragedy and family tragedy.It is required that the state and social forces still need to make efforts to solve the relative poverty of poor children’s families and improve the welfare of poor children.This paper selects 67 poor children in S County of Jining City as the research object.The reasons for choosing this area for investigation are as follows.Firstly,the author has participated in the third-party evaluation of the poverty alleviation work in Jining City in the early stage,and is familiar with the economic and social development situation of this area,which is also convenient for the further research;Secondly,Jining City is the second batch of pilot areas of moderately inclusive child welfare system construction of Ministry of Civil Affairs,and the successful practices and achievements in the children welfare can be worthy of concluding,which is helpful to promote policy diffusion.It is generally believed that welfare should be based on certain resources to ensure that people’s daily life needs,consumption preferences and social services need can be met,and to prevent some external adverse factors from making individuals in trouble,so as to ensure that people have a strong sense of access and security.Because welfare covers a wide range,this paper mainly focuses on the basic living needs and social welfare needs which are closely related to poor children’s growth and development.Among them,the former includes food,clothing,housing,warm/cold proof equipment,etc.,while the latter includes school education,family education,psychological counseling,skill training,etc.This paper mainly research the practice,effect and dilemma of improving the welfare of rural poor children.In terms of data collection methods,the paper used unstructured interview method,non participatory observation method and literature method.The interviewees are poor children and their guardians,in addition,it also include the secretary of village party branch,village committee dean,the staffs of the poverty alleviation office and the staffs of civil affairs department;the observation method is mainly used to observe the family environment,learning environment,parent-child relationship and village social relationship of poor children,in order to explore the effect of the internal and external forces on their growth and development.Then,the content of the interview and the data obtained from the observation are sorted out,screened,summarized and analyzed.The research finds that the welfare of rural poor children has promoted through the construction of national universal and preferential social welfare policies and the assistance of social organizations,relatives and other subjects.Firstly,the material living standard of rural poor children has been improved.Secondly,through the education poverty alleviation policy,the government has met the educational needs of poor children in different academic stages,especially in the stage of compulsory education,by means of tuition reduction and living subsidies.Thirdly,the problem of medical care for poor children has been solved to a certain extent.The government and social forces provide medical insurance and medical service resources for poor children suffering from serious illness through serious disease assistance,medical poverty alleviation and medical assistance.Fourthly,the housing welfare of some poor children has been improved.The government’s renovation project of dilapidated houses and the "warm house" project of social organizations have improved the living and learning environment of some poor children.Fifthly,the psychological health level of some poor children has been improved.Some social activities organized by the government and social forces have made poor children more clearly understand themselves,accept themselves,and establish positive values.The research also finds that there are still some difficulties in promoting the welfare level of rural poor children.Firstly,some children’s social welfare policies are exclusive,which lead to not all poor children are included in the children’s social welfare policy system.Secondly,the supply of social welfare services is residual,which leads to the needs of some poor children have not been fully met.Thirdly,from the normal,comparative and felt perspective,the economic welfare support of rural poor children is still at a low level.Fourthly,different welfare providers of poor children have the phenomenon of fragmentation with a low degree of cooperation.This paper holds that the root of the dilemma of promoting the welfare of rural poor children lies in the lack of social investment concept of children’s social welfare policy.Social welfare policies which are lack of social investment concept generally have the following characteristics.Firstly,it has the lag characteristic in dealing with risks.Secondly,it regards the social welfare investment as a kind of consumption behavior.Thirdly,the insufficient "buffer" function makes the low level of economic welfare.Fourthly,there is the fragmentation of welfare supply behavior caused by bureaucratic management.Facts have proved that children’s social welfare policy also has the problem of lack of social investment concept in China,which has affected the improvement of the welfare of rural poor children.In order to promote the welfare of poor children in rural areas,the social welfare policy of poor children can be designed or restructured according to the social investment theory.Social investment theory emphasizes that social policy should be preventive.Social investment theory advocates the government should investment in human capital.Social investment theory regards social policy as a productive factor.Social investment theory pays attention to the "buffer" function of social policy and focuses on the developing the children and their families policy.This requires government should uphold the inclusive concept when the government formulates and implements social welfare policies for rural poor children.The state needs to increase financial investment in poor children’s welfare and invest in case-based social welfare service,in addition,the production and reproduction of cultural capital should be strengthened.The realization of social investment paths requires to take some measures.Firstly,the investment structure of children’s welfare finance should be adjusted.Secondly,the investment rights and responsibilities of welfare providers should be clarified.Thirdly,cultural capital in the institutional forms should be invested.At the same time,poor children’s families should be invested to improve the development ability of their families.Moreover,China can guarantee the realization of the social investment path in terms of law,capital,organization and culture. |
