A Study On The Realization Of Equalization Of Urban And Rural Basic Public Services In The Context Of New Urbanization

Promoting people-centered new urbanization and achieving equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas are important strategic goals for China to build a modern socialist country.Under the context of new urbanization,the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is not only an inevitable requirement for the unity of fairness and efficiency,but also a political guarantee for urban and rural residents to obtain equal development opportunities.As a basic function of the government,the concept of basic public services has a long history of development.From the proposal of the public service concept to the refinement of the scope of basic public services,and then to the policy orientation of realizing the equalization of urban and rural basic public services,the development of the connotation of basic public services is closely related to the process of urbanization.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the country continuously consolidated the development foundation of the equalization of urban and rural basic public services,increased the supply of basic public services such as education and medical care,and established a "government-run" basic public service supply model.The reform and opening up stimulated the gradual improvement of productivity levels,the connotation of basic public services became more perfect,the scope of beneficiaries continued to expand,and the connotation of various basic public services also became more mature.Entering the 21 st century,the Party and the state have increasingly attached importance to the balanced development of urban and rural areas.The complete concept of "equalization of basic public services" has been put forward,the top-level institutional design has been continuously improved,the grassroots supporting policies have been implemented one by one,and the importance of equalization and balance has been increasingly highlighted.The report of the20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has drawn a beautiful blueprint for the realization of new urbanization and the equalization of basic public services.After years of development,we look back on the process,both the overall steady improvement of public service levels and the slow narrowing of regional public service differences,and the overall low level of public services,the large gap between urban and rural basic public service levels,and the unevenness of public services in all dimensions.In the context of new urbanization,there is an urgent need for an effective way to solve the practical problems in the field of public services and improve governance effectiveness,so as to promote the realization of equalization of urban and rural basic public services.Based on the real dilemma,theoretical thinking,and the review of existing research,this article will focus on the following questions:Why do urban and rural basic public services still have obvious problems such as imbalance and heterogeneity when the country invests heavily in resources and steadily advances the strategy of new urbanization? Is it possible to find a systematic and effective way to break through the inherent thinking restrictions and improve the level of equalization of urban and rural basic public services? In response to this issue,the following sub-questions are derived:How should we examine this issue from the perspective of the public management discipline? How can we rely on but not be confined to the theories and paradigms of the public management discipline,and combine the advantages of related disciplines to achieve a fusion and innovative breakthrough? How can this approach solve practical problems and improve the equalization of urban and rural basic public services?How to effectively promote the widespread adoption,implementation,and exertion of this approach in real-world scenarios?With the above doubts,this article attempts to explore the realization of the equalization of urban and rural basic public services from the perspective of intergovernmental fiscal coordination.The concept of fiscal coordination covers a wide range,but at this stage,there is a lack of a mature and rigorously demonstrated concept of "fiscal coordination" itself.In a broad sense,all concepts related to finance can be included in the category of fiscal coordination.Therefore,this article is not limited to specific fiscal policies,but is based on public administration theory and methods combined with financial management ideas and practices,and analyzes the role mechanism of fiscal coordination from the perspective of "macro finance" and supplements it with empirical experience."Fiscal coordination" is defined as a management mode that aims to maximize the use of financial resources and the realization of social equity under the condition of limited financial resources,through reasonable allocation and management,and ultimately improve the level of social welfare.At the same time,the direct and indirect mechanisms of fiscal coordination to promote the realization of equalization of urban and rural basic public services are systematically established,providing a realistic path and possibility for the equalization of urban and rural basic public services.The implementation of equalization of urban and rural basic public services through fiscal coordination has theoretical inevitability and practical operability.First,expand the planning and coordination of vertical intergovernmental fiscal coordination,deepen the reform of the fiscal and financial systems,establish a fiscal system that adapts to the financial rights and responsibilities between urban and rural areas,and perfect the regulatory system of basic public services.Second,promote the parallel coordination of horizontal intergovernmental fiscal coordination,gradually break the real constraints of the urban-rural dual structure,reasonably adjust local taxes,tax rights,and tax systems,and continuously optimize the compensation balance mechanism of inter-regional transfer payments.Finally,improve the responsibility allocation mechanism of vertical and horizontal fiscal coordination,establish a clear,fair and reasonable coordination mechanism,achieve the coordination and adaptation of intergovernmental fiscal coordination relationships,and continuously improve the multi-input mechanism of stable fund growth.The first part of this article raises questions,pointing out that in the context of China’s new urbanization,there are problems such as imbalance and heterogeneity between urban and rural basic public service supplies;the second part discusses the basic concepts of equalization of basic public services and fiscal coordination under the context of new urbanization,and at the same time clarifies and explores the related basic theoretical origins,deduces and establishes the theoretical connection between fiscal coordination and equalization of urban and rural basic public services,in order to provide a more enriched research theoretical foundation for subsequent research;the third part describes the historical development of equalization of basic public services in the context of new urbanization from the perspective of historical process,as well as the manifestations of fiscal coordination at each stage;the fourth part focuses on the current situation of equalization of basic public services at this stage,from the development of basic public service undertakings,the summary of difficulties,and the causes of inequality under the context of new urbanization.Discuss,summarize the difficulties and challenges faced by the equalization of basic public services under the context of new urbanization,and use quantitative methods to measure the degree and level of equalization of basic public services in China as a whole and in some regions from 2012 to 2020;The fifth part focuses on the logical evolution of the theory of fiscal coordination,based on the consideration of intergovernmental relations,through the theory of intergovernmental relations,it is known that the relationship of fiscal coordination is the core,and on this basis,the practical logic research of intergovernmental fiscal coordination to promote the equalization of basic public services is carried out;The sixth part focuses on the empirical analysis of intergovernmental fiscal coordination to promote the equalization of basic public services,verifies the promotion effect of fiscal coordination on the equalization of basic public services,discovers the intermediary role of the optimization of fiscal revenue and expenditure structure,and explores the adjustment role of urban and rural factor flow;The seventh part puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the equalization of urban and rural basic public services in China,in order to provide useful reference for the realization of equalization of urban and rural basic public services.Exploring the path innovation of realizing the equalization of urban and rural basic public services under the background of new urbanization,and fully tapping the possibility of equalization relying on the perspective of fiscal coordination research in terms of breadth and depth,has a higher theoretical significance and practical value at this stage.Finally,as an effective way to promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services,fiscal coordination provides a feasible idea and tool for the important subject of public service supply-governments at all levels in real scenarios.