| Paulo Freire(1921-1997)is the representative of the first generation of Critical Education Thinkers,one of the main founders of Critical Pedagogy,and is known as “the chief philosopher of critical education” and “one of the most important and influential educators in critical education theory and practice since the 20 th century”.Combined with the social reality of Latin America in the 20 th century,and his own practice experience,based on the theories of Marxism,Phenomenology,Existentialism,Post-colonialism,Progressive Education and other theories,Freire produced a scientific understanding of the essence,value,and realization of education,and launched a profound criticism of the capitalist ideology,human alienation and practice.He found a logical way to relieve the crisis of capitalist social ideology crisis,human alienation and practical oppression from education,thus,he formed philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed and made outstanding contributions to the development of critical educational philosophy.The theme of this paper is to study Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed from the perspective of Marxism philosophy comprehensively,systematically and deeply.This paper aims to make the “core” of critical educational philosophy from the Marxism perspective implicit in Freire’s rich ideological resources be interpreted and reconstructed from a philosophical perspective,to uncover the logic of generative theory,epistemology,ontology,practical theory,axiology and methodology of Freire’s thoughts.This paper tries to accurately grasp Freire’s scientific understanding of the essence,value and realization of education as a whole,and the development of capitalist society reflected by Freire’s thoughts and the methods to deal with the problems,so as to fundamentally understand his logical way to realize the liberation of the oppressed.This paper aims to deepen the study of Freire’s philosophy thoughts,open the field of Marxism philosophy,reflect on the contemporary Chinese education practice.Based on the above research aims and purposes,this paper is based on the rich connotation of the philosophy of critical education and the relevant research progress on Freire’s thoughts,uses the methods and perspectives of Marxism philosophy,takes Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed as the research subject.This paper explores the origin of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed from the logic of generative theory,analyzes the basic content of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed from the logic of epistemology,ontology and practical theory,that is,the “three major criticisms” of ideological criticism,human alienation criticism and practice criticism launched around the liberation of the oppressed,investigates the characteristics,criticism,response and enlightenment of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed from the logic of axiology and methodology.According to the above logical arrangement,this paper is divided into seven parts.First,the introduction.This paper has introduced the biography and academic experience of Freire,clarified the purpose and significance of the research,and established the research content and methods on the basis of the evaluation of the existing research results.Second,the origin of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Based on the logic of generative theory,took the generative theory of Marxism philosophy as the way of thinking,this paper has traced back the origin of Freire’s thoughts from the dimension of time and space dialectically,historically and practically.The period from 1920 s to1990s is the time dimension of Freire’s thought generation.Under this time trajectory,the social and historical reality of Latin America,the specific national conditions of Brazil and Freire’s family environment constitute the space dimension of Freire’s thought generation,and they are also the fertile soil and fundamental driving force of Freire’s thought generation.On the basis of tracing the space-time dimension of Freire’s thought generation,this part has also combed out the necessary condition of the generation of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education,that is the theoretical origin,and examined the continuity relationship between Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education and related theories.In his rich practical experience and theoretical accumulation,Freire found Marxism and took it as the theoretical basis for his thought construction.At the same time,he absorbed nourishment from the theories of Phenomenology,Existentialism,Post-colonialism,Progressive Education,and finally constructed a rich and distinctive philosophy thoughts of critical education system.In the overall sense of time and space,on the basis of revealing the deep connection between Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education and the historical background,social environment,specific national conditions,family environment,practical experience and relevant theories,the paper has explored the fundamental motive force and necessary conditions for the generation of Freire’s thought,so as to further grasp the generative logic of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Third,ideological criticism.The ideological criticism thought is the epistemological basis of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Freire’s ideological criticism thought was mainly influenced by Marxist ideological theory,and he established the critical position of Marxist ideology on the basis of inheriting Marxist ideological theory.On this basis,Freire combined with the social and historical reality,from the perspective of “master slave relationship”,divided the ideological binary that exists in Latin America and even in Brazil.Based on the establishment of the above positions and the investigation of social reality,Freire concluded that the essence of education is ideology,which is the theoretical basis of Freire’s critical analysis of capitalist ideology,and also the premise of Freire’s exploration of deconstructing and constructing the outlet of capitalist ideology in view of the inherent contradictions and paradoxes of capitalist ideology,so as to awaken the ideology of the oppressed.Based on the construction logic of Freire’s ideological criticism thought,centering on the idea of “make a point-deconstruction-construction”,this paper has analyzed Freire’s important theoretical foundation on the relationship between education and ideology,interpreted Freire’s critical analysis of deconstructing capitalist ideology,and clarified Freire found the path to construct ideology through the education of cultivating critical consciousness,thus further grasp the epistemological logic of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Fourth,human alienation criticism.The critical thought of the alienation of human nature is the ontological basis of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.The criticism of human nature alienation is the extension and deepening on the basis of ideological criticism.Freire believed that human beings are positive and eager to explore by nature.He deeply recognized the four aspects of human nature and put forward that humanization is the central problem of human existence.Based on the profound insights of human nature and humanization,he analyzed the humanization mission of the value of educational freedom and came to an important conclusion that the value of education lies in freedom.However,in the capitalist society,the oppressive class “dehumanizes” the public through education,publicity,media and other means.Freire thus revealed the alienation of human nature in the capitalist society,and then found a breakthrough to solve the alienation of human nature in the education of training new people,so as to achieve the purpose of humanization.Based on the above construction logic,centering on the idea of “make a point-deconstruction-construction”,this paper has made a specific analysis of Freire’s important theoretical basis of the relationship between the value of educational freedom and the mission of humanity,and then analyzed Freire’s idea of deconstructing and constructing the alienation of human nature in capitalist society on this basis,thus further grasp the ontological logic of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Fifth,practice criticism.The critical thought of practice is the practical basis of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education,which is based on the basic principles of practical materialism in Marxism philosophy.Based on practical materialism,Freire thought about the emancipation of human beings after the awakening of ideology and the realization of humanization through human practice and educational practice.In Freire’s opinion,emancipation is a continuous process,there is a practical coupling between educational practice and human emancipation,and human emancipation can be realized through educational practice.On this basis,Freire critically deconstructed the oppressive nature of capitalist practices.For Freire,education is seen as a tool to achieve human liberation,as well as a way to rediscover and reaffirm the dignity of human existence as a collective.Based on the construction logic of Freire’s critical thought of practice,centering on the idea of “make a point-deconstruction-construction”,this paper has analyzed Freire’s solution of the logical relationship between the realization of education and human liberation,analyzed Freire’s thoughts of deconstructing and constructing the practice of capitalism,so as to further grasp the practical logic of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Sixth,the evaluation of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education is full of distinct characteristics from generation to development,which has been widely recognized,spread and developed,but also criticized.On the basis of discussing the characteristics,criticism and response of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education,combining with China’s national conditions and China’s practical educational practice,this paper has analyzed the enlightenment of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education to the new road of Chinese educational modernization,excavated its contemporary value,so as to further grasp the axiological and methodological logic of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education.Seventh,the conclusion.This paper has systematically illustrated Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed,summarized the logical theory of Freire’s analysis of realizing the liberation of the oppressed,expounded the inherent logic,creativity,imperfection,and inclusiveness of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed,demonstrated the theoretical,practical significance and contemporary values of Freire’s philosophy thoughts of critical education on the liberation of the oppressed. |
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