Research On The Impact Of Digital Economy On Labor Transfer In China

Digital economy and its impact on labor force have been a hot topic in economic research in recent years.Digital economy has both job creation effect and job destruction effect.On the one hand,the development of digital economy has improved production efficiency,and the expansion of enterprise scale has brought about an increase in jobs.On the other hand,the development of digital economy has destroyed the industrial structure of many traditional industries,resulting in the reduction or even disappearance of a large number of jobs.These two effects lead to the shift of labor among jobs,industries and regions.Taking digital economy and labor transfer as the research topic,this paper adopts statistical analysis,marginal analysis,static optimization,econometric analysis and other research methods to comprehensively study the impact of digital economy on labor transfer from the three levels of enterprises,industries and urban and rural areas.This paper first reviews the classical theories and summarizes the progress of relevant literature on digital economy and labor market.It also reviews the development status of digital economy in our country and the trend of labor transfer between urban and rural levels at occupational,industrial and urban levels.On this basis,based on the biased technology progress theory and the ALM task model hypothesis,the theoretical modeling is carried out to analyze the differences of different industries in the choice of digitalization direction,and provides an explanation for the industrial heterogeneity of the employment effect of digital economy and the phenomenon of rural labor return,and analyzes the influence mechanism of digital economy on labor transfer.This paper also conducts an empirical study on the impact of digital economy on labor job transfer from the perspectives of position,industry and urban and rural areas.It finds that overall,digital economy has increased employment,but significantly changed the job structure,and the impact of digital economy on labor force has industrial heterogeneity.Digital economy leads to industrial transfer of labor force,and the impact of digital economy on employment has industrial spillover effect.The development of digital economy leads to the unemployment and return of migrant workers,and this negative impact mainly exists in the group of young male migrant workers with low education.The research in this paper shows that the development of digital economy promotes the growth of jobs.However,this promotion effect is more reflected in non-routine jobs,which leads to the increase of the relative demand for non-routine jobs and the job transfer of labor.There is industry heterogeneity in the impact of digital economy on jobs.In the industries with a high proportion of programmed jobs,the digital economy mainly shows the substitution effect of employment,and in the industries with a low proportion of programmed jobs,it mainly shows the complementary effect with non-programmed jobs.The impact of digital economy on employment has both crowding-out effect and spillover effect at the industry level.From the perspective of urban and rural areas,because migrant workers are mainly engaged in manual labor,the digital economy has a strong substitution for such positions.Therefore,the development of digital economy will lead to the unemployment of migrant workers,and then produce backflow,which will promote the employment of urban labor.However,the development of digital economy reduces the employment of women in the urban labor force,while the impact on female migrant workers is not significant.The development of digital economy increases the probability of return flow of young migrant workers with low and middle education,while it has no significant impact on older high-skilled migrant workers.This paper has important policy implications: first,local governments should pay attention to frictional and structural unemployment caused by digitalization.Digitalization leads to an increase in the relative demand for non-routine jobs and changes the employment structure,which may cause frictional unemployment and structural unemployment.The government should pay attention to these unemployed groups while developing the digital economy,and establish corresponding training and intermediary agencies to help these groups find suitable jobs as soon as possible.Second,the government should prevent the unemployment risk caused by the digitalization of the primary and secondary industries.Digital economy does not always increase employment.In the process of promoting the digital transformation of enterprises,the government should take precautions in advance and actively respond to the impact on employment caused by the development of digital economy.Thirdly,the government should pay attention to the comprehensive and balanced development of digital economy,make good use of the crowding-out effect and spillover effect of digital economy on employment,avoid the imbalance of economic structure,and promote the comprehensive and balanced development of all industries.Fourth,pay attention to gender employment equality.The digital economy has led to a decline in the proportion of urban women’s regular employment.The government should explore more employment possibilities for women in the digital economy era,promote the optimization of female employment structure,and create a better environment for enhancing women’s labor competitiveness in the digital economy era.Fifth,in order to narrow the urban-rural gap and accelerate the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,the government needs to strengthen the vocational retraining and employment reassistance for the returning labor force,so that their labor skills can adapt to the needs of the development of rural revitalization industry as soon as possible,and help the returning labor force to reintegrate into the countryside,develop production,and become the new force of beautiful rural construction and the leader of rural industrial development.Sixth,local governments should attach importance to and make full use of the returning young labor force.By establishing mutual employment associations for returning labor force,planting and breeding cooperatives,processing and selling organizations of local characteristic agricultural products,using the Internet and digital platforms,they can explore new employment sites,encourage the returning young male labor force to actively start their own businesses,and help the rural economy to achieve rapid development.Seventh,from the perspective of individual workers,they should establish the concept of lifelong learning,actively participate in learning and training,and improve their human capital accumulation,so as to better adapt to the employment impact brought by digitalization.