The Management Of County Compulsory Education And The Imbalance Between Urban And Rural Areas

Compulsory education security system is an important part of the socialist security system with Chinese characteristics and belongs to the system category of social welfare.Balanced development of education is the key to the effective operation of this system and the realization of the system objectives.However,for a long time,the unbalanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas in China has continued to exist,which has become an important factor hindering the fair development of education and weakening the effectiveness of compulsory education policies and systems.With the strengthening of the transformation and redistribution capacity of the national development stage,the central government has been inclined to the countryside through special funds for education and balanced transfer payments,and has taken the development of rural education as the focus of promoting the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.However,the substantial increase of reallocated resources for compulsory education has not completely improved the weak situation of rural education,especially in the aspects of teaching quality and education development ability.The gap between rural schools and urban schools has not been significantly bridged,but has a trend of continuous expansion.This paradox constitutes a new background for studying the unbalanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.This research focuses on the operational implementation of the compulsory education policy by the county government and how the deviation arises and causes the imbalance of urban and rural education.Based on the in-depth investigation and experience analysis of the case counties,and integrating the existing theoretical resources,this paper proposes an analysis perspective of institutional alienation.First of all,this paper clarifies the institutional orientation and realization form of compulsory education policy in a normative sense,and clarifies its role as a distributive social system to ensure the equitable development of school-age children’s education.Secondly,try to build an analytical framework of "developing politics-people’s livelihood politics" to explain how county governments,under the incentive and constraint conditions of the existing institutional environment,use high-quality compulsory education resources to stimulate education urbanization in urban areas,leverage land financial resources within the system and market capital and farmer family resources outside the system,so as to promote the alienation of compulsory education from a distributive system to a management system,It also leads to the continuous reproduction of the "unbalanced" educational structure in urban and rural areas.Finally,based on the reasons for the alienation of the "operating" system in the grassroots practice of compulsory education policy,this paper puts forward integrated and targeted policy recommendations to improve the practice of compulsory education system and promote the balanced development of urban and rural education.The institutional arrangement and policy implementation should serve the value orientation and function orientation of the system.When the institutional arrangement deviates from the institutional orientation in the process of practice,the problem of institutional alienation will arise.China’s compulsory education takes development equity as its value orientation,that is,through the redistribution of national resources,to ensure that all school-age children can enjoy "fair and quality" education services,which includes the unity of the right to education development and the right to education security,and takes the balanced development of compulsory education as its basic policy goal,and the construction of a balanced urban and rural school education structure as the fundamental realization path.However,the compulsory education policy has appeared the problem of "operating" system alienation in the grass-roots practice,that is,it has become the operating means of the local government to promote local development,which is an important reason for the imbalance of urban and rural education at the discovery stage.With the help of the analytical framework of "developing politics-people’s livelihood politics",this paper finds that,on the one hand,the country is constantly strengthening the responsibility of local governments to strictly implement the balanced policy of compulsory education for people’s livelihood,on the other hand,it is constantly carrying out developmental empowerment and performance incentives,hoping that local governments can "promote people’s livelihood with development",and the development of politics and people’s livelihood politics constitute the institutional environment for local governments to implement policies.However,the counties in the central and western regions with deindustrialization as the background lack endogenous economic growth space.Faced with the pressure of policy implementation,local governments can only focus on urban areas with high-quality educational resources,excessively stimulating the urbanization of county education,thus capturing land financial resources within the system,market capital outside the system and farmers’ family accumulation,As a result,the compulsory education policy has been alienated from the distributive system to the operational system in the grass-roots practice.The operation of county compulsory education has greatly promoted the flow of urban and rural education resources,destroyed the balance of urban and rural school education structure,not only led to the separation of the right to education development and the right to education security in the system orientation,but also further increased the pressure on the implementation of the compulsory education balance policy due to the excessive development of education urbanization.In the end,the local government can only continue to "cope with the pressure by operating",making the "unbalanced" education structure in urban and rural areas constantly be reproduced.