Study On The Social Costs Of Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps

Learning from the Caocao Western experience(having garrison troops or peasants opening up wasteland and growing food grain),Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is an Organizational Innovation in the specific historical condition,specific area and for specific functions.With cultivation and guarding the frontier as the basic functions,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps play an irreplaceable strategic role in achieving the strategic security of the country’s western frontier,promoting the industrialization of Xinjiang region,and supplying the important agricultural products stably.With the land reclamation groups,the microscopic foundation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,as the research object,development paradox as the logic starting point,the formation,performance,impact and dissolve of social costs as the logic clues,the contradictory movement of the organizational functions and structure in the context of the national financial system reform as the starting point,drawing on the relationship theory of organizational functions and organizational structure,using the institutional change power theory,the public goods theory of the New Institutional Economics,and the theory of sustainable development,Form the research hypotheses.this paper erects an analytical framework of institutional change mainly caused by resolving the social costs and the financial pressure,and has explored the institutional change process of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps since their foundation,especially the reform of the economic system.Through the adaptive test on the institutional change of the Corps and the groups’ dissolveing social costs and financial pressures,the paper puts forward such countermeasures as the theme of defusing the social costs and financial pressures,the focus of the public fiscal system construction,the institutional innovation of public goods,and the groups’ economic construction,intending to provide practical guidance in alleviating the social costs until fundmentally dissolveing the groups’ social costs institutionally,in bettering their production and guarding functions,and in constructing new-type guarding-frontier groups.Widely presented in the pre-reform state-owned enterprises and some of our specific enterprises,the social costs were the external costs caused by the absence of the government’s public finance functions and were borne by enterprises,typically the Corps and the groups.As an organizational innovation to fulfill specific functions,a unity of the Party,government,military,and enterprises,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps maintain the binary attributes of organizations between the government and the enterprises.In addition to the provision of public goods for national security,the Corps and the groups bear the responsibility of self-supply in public goods,which is the cause of the Corps and groups’social costs,and crippling the corps to maximize the interests of their own,leading to a paradox of its intrinsic goal.In the transition from planned economy to market economy,with the disappearing of demographic dividend,declining of the groups’ industry,decreasing of system bonus and intergovernmental fiscal interest competition,the problem of ended up in a conversion from recession to dominance,just like that in the self-supply of public goods and farmers’ burden in rural areas after the disintegration of the people’s communes.Along with the change of national finance system from state-owned capital finance and public finance-dual finance system to the public financial system,the Corps’ and the groups’economy function has been strengthened,while financial constraint has been strengthened constantly,but its single center of the supply system has not been changed.The financial reform of phased implementation made it difficult for the Corps and the groups whose leading industry was agriculture to maintain the large size of the organization and multi-functional objectives with agricultural surplus,as the result stressed the financial pressure.In order to overcome the recessive and dominant social costs and financial pressures,the Corps and the groups have experienced the institutional change cycle from the beginning,the disintegration,the recovery and the innovation of the system.However,the forms of mandatory institution change,and lack of knowing the existence and the formation of the "external return",especially the avoidance of organizational attributes reform led to the insufficient adaptive efficiency in institutional innovation,the ineffective system resolving the social costs and financial pressures and could not effectively alleviate the social costs and financial pressures of the Corps and the groups under the conditions of being the "enclave",which seriously undermined the capacity for sustainable development of the groups.To break the bottleneck and to gain the economic and social sustainable development of the Corps and the groups,the system foundation,the social environment and the economic power based on the public finance system,the system innovation of public goods supply,and the mechanism of economy remaining as a complement to the social cost must be dissolved.Based on the "community" attribute and the historic path of self-supply beyond the public goods system,innovations dissolveing the social costs of the groups must adhere to the policy principles of the national urban and rural coordinated development and equalization of public services,the principle of public finance and the principle of sustainable development,and choose the right path to govern the groups’ social costs,Adhere to the multiple paths to comprehensivetreat the social cost of corps.Firstly,the efficiency of the public product supply system must be improved started from institutional innovation of public goods supply.Secondly,to alleviate the financial pressure of the social costs on the groups,the effective supply of public goods and public services must be gradually increased by developing the economy and increasing the economic surplus.At last,the fundamental measure is that the public financial system must be constructed to resolve the Groups’social costs institutionally.