Study On The Influencing Factors And Interaction Of Sustainable Tourism Policy Innovation Diffusion In China

In 1995,the World Tourism Organization formulated the "Sustainable Tourism Development Charter",after which countries have successively introduced sustainable tourism policies.However,as of 2020,China has not formulated a special sustainable tourism development plan or related policies.Therefore,it is urgent to build a sustainable tourism policy system with Chinese characteristics and analyze the factors affecting the sustainable tourism policy diffusion to guide the formulation and implementation of sustainable tourism development plans and related policies.In terms of theoretical research,there are three main deficiencies in the current research on the factors affecting the diffusion of sustainable tourism policies.The first is that the description of the policy system in the current sustainable tourism policy research is too simplified.Second,current research on the diffusion of policy innovation generally underestimates the complexity of influencing factors.Third,there are few literatures on the interrelationships between the influencing factors in the diffusion of sustainable tourism policy innovation.In view of the above considerations on the practical issues of sustainable tourism development and the summary of existing research,this research proposes the scientific question of "What are the influencing factors and interactions of the innovation and diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy?" Around this core issue,a comprehensive analysis of the four aspects of China’s sustainable tourism policy system structure,the characteristics of sustainable tourism policy innovation diffusion,the factors affecting the innovation diffusion of sustainable tourism policy,and the interaction between the factors are carried out.We first constructed a sustainable tourism policy system in China based on the full sample data of China’s sustainable tourism policy through content analysis.Secondly,based on the theory of policy innovation diffusion,on the basis of China’s sustainable tourism policy system,based on China’s sustainable development strategy deployment,combined with sustainable tourism development practices,this paper analyzes the temporal,spatial and hierarchical characteristics of China’s sustainable tourism policy innovation diffusion.Then,based on Berry’s model,regression analysis and geographic detectors were used to explore the contribution and effect differences of the three types of factors,internal,external,and the policy itself,in the diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy innovation.It also analyzes the mutual superposition relationship between various factors.Finally,combining the characteristics of China’s sustainable tourism policy system and the analysis results of its influencing factors,this paper proposes five optimization strategies for China’s sustainable tourism policy system in terms of macroeconomic policy,economy,employment,poverty alleviation and people’s livelihood,and environmental protection.The main conclusions of the paper are as follows:First,China’s sustainable tourism policy system has a three-tier structure,including 5 core topics at the first level,17 subtopics at the second level,and 82 specific policy topics at the third level.The five core topics include tourism macroeconomic policies,tourism economic policies,tourism employment policies,tourism poverty reduction and people’s livelihood policies,and tourism environmental policies.Together,these policies cover various policy areas to achieve sustainable tourism development goals.Second,the innovation diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy has obvious time development stages,spatial diffusion characteristics and hierarchical diffusion characteristics.The evolution of time includes four stages,the first is the budding stage before 1997,the second is the early development period from 1997 to 2003,the third is the rapid development stage from 2003 to 2013,and the fourth is the stage of comprehensive improvement from 2013 to present.From a spatial point of view,the overall spatial distribution of the number of policies:Eastern region > Central region > Northeast region > Western region,and southern region >Northern region.The level of policy diffusion path includes four methods: top-down,samelevel diffusion,bottom-up,and policy pilot.Third,the synergy of multiple factors is the main driving force for the innovation and diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy.The superposition effect of internal factors,external factors,internal and external factors,internal and external factors and policy factors is significant.They are a linear or non-linear coordinated relationship in the process of influencing the diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy innovation.The spatiotemporal evolution of China’s sustainable tourism policy innovation and diffusion is affected by the interaction of multiple factors,and its explanatory power is relatively weak when only a single factor is considered.Different types of influencing factors have significant differences in their contribution to explaining the diffusion of China’s sustainable tourism policy innovation,tourism resource factors > social economic factors > organizational management range factors >industry development factors > motivation factors > environmental protection factors.Fourth,the five aspects of China’s sustainable tourism policy system need to be optimized.First,the macroeconomic policy of sustainable tourism needs to clarify the status of the tourism industry in policies and planning,formulate a scientific tourism policy framework,and establish a system to supervise the development,management,and implementation of policies for the tourism industry.Second,sustainable tourism economic policies need to measure the performance of the tourism industry and its contribution to the economy,create a good environment for trade,investment and business,establish clear product positioning and active brand marketing strategies,and focus on reliability,safety and risk management.Third,sustainable tourism and employment policies need to focus on human resource planning and labor conditions protection,and improve skills assessment and vocational training systems.Fourth,sustainable tourism poverty alleviation and people’s livelihood policies need to adopt a comprehensive approach to reduce poverty through tourism,include vulnerable groups in the tourism sector,and prevent the negative social impact of tourism.Fifth,tourism environmental policies need to protect and realize the sustainable use of natural and cultural tourism resources,pay attention to climate change,improve the sustainability of tourism development and operation,and evaluate and monitor tourism impacts in real time.