| The servitization of the manufacturing industry is an important way to solve the development dilemma of the manufacturing industry,enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry,and achieve high-quality economic development.At the same time,with the strong rise of digital technology on a global scale,digital services highly empower manufacturing production and promote the transformation of manufacturing into services.It is worth noting that while digital service trade is being carried out on a global scale,various economies have many restrictions on digital service trade due to national security,privacy protection and other considerations,which has become an important factor affecting the service-oriented transformation of the manufacturing industry.Combined with the research objectives,this paper subdivides the opening of the digital service market into two categories:"institutional openness"and "entity-oriented openness"."Institutional opening" refers to the relaxation of restrictions on digital service trade in economies at the institutional level,and "entityoriented opening" refers to the actual degree of openness of the digital service sector at the real economy level.At the same time,this paper divides the servitization of manufacturing into two categories:"input servitization" and "output servitization".This paper studies the opening of digital service market and manufacturing input service from the perspectives of "institutional opening" and "entity-oriented opening".At the same time,this paper also explores the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the servitization of manufacturing output.The main content of this paper is summarized as follows:First,this paper conducts a more detailed analysis of the current situation of "digital service market opening" and "manufacturing servitization".This paper uses the Digital Service Trade Restriction Index (DSTRI) released by OECD and the Digital Trade Restriction Index (DTRI) released by ECIPE to measure the level of institutional openness of the digital service market,and constructs the digital service trade openness index through the total amount of digital service trade to measure the entity-oriented openness of digital service market.Based on the analysis,this paper believes that the opening of the digital service market presents the following characteristics:First,the level of institutional openness in the global digital service market shows a trend of first rising and then falling,and there are differences in the level of institutional opening measured from different policy perspectives.Second,the level of institutional openness of digital service markets in developed economies is higher than that in developing economies’,and the restrictive measures introduced by the two types of economies have their own priorities.Third,from a global perspective,the level of physical openness of the digital service market measured by "wide-caliber" has increased over time,and the level of openness in developed economies is higher than that in developing economies.From a regional perspective,Europe is the region with the highest level of entityoriented openness in the global digital service market.Fourth,the level of entity-oriented openness of the digital service market measured by the "narrow caliber" has increased year by year over time.This paper uses the input-output table of the OECD database to measure the level of servitization of manufacturing inputs in the world’s major economies,and measures the level of servitization of manufacturing output based on the service revenue data published in the annual reports of Chinese listed companies.Based on the analysis,this paper believes that the development of manufacturing servitization presents the following characteristics:First,global manufacturing input servitization increases with time,and there is industry heterogeneity.Second,China’s manufacturing input servitization has shown an upward trend,but the level of China’s manufacturing input servitization varies with different industries and types of servitization.Third,the output servitization level of Chinese manufacturing enterprises fluctuated and increased from 2014 to 2019,and the level also varied with different industries.Second,this paper explains the theory and mechanism of the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the servitization of manufacturing.On the one hand,this paper constructs an outsourcing model of digital services to explain the theory of the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the input servitization.On this basis, this paper analyzes and believes that the opening of the digital service market can improve the level of input servitization through four channels:technological innovation effect,substitution effect,competition effect,and outsourcing effect.On the other hand,this paper explains the promotion effect of the opening of the digital service market on the output servitization from a theoretical level.On this basis,this paper analyzes and believes that the opening of the digital service market can produce product innovation effects,transaction cost reduction effects and human capital effects,and improve the level of enterprise output service.Third,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the input servitization.On the one hand,this paper uses the panel data of 36 economies from 2014 to 2018 to empirically verify the impact of the institutional opening of the digital service market on the input servitization.The results show that:(1) The institutional opening of the digital service market will significantly improve the servitization,and he results are robust..(2) The institutional opening of the digital service market in the five sub-sectors ("electronic transmission","intellectual property","digital infrastructure","cross-border payment" and "other measures") will have a positive effect on the input servitization.(3) There is industry heterogeneity in the impact of institutional opening of the digital service market on the input servitization.(4) The higher the level of economic development of an economy and the stronger the development of the Internet,the stronger the promotion effect of the institutional opening of its digital service market on the level of input servitization.On the other hand,this paper uses the panel data of 17 manufacturing industries in 42 economies from 2005 to 2018 to measure the impact of the entity-oriented opening of the digital service market on the level of input servitization.The conclusions are as follows:(1) The entity-oriented opening of the digital service market will significantly promote the improvement of the input servitization,and the results are stable.(2) The higher the position of the manufacturing industry in the value chain and the more complete the institutional environment within the economy,the greater the promotion effect of the entity-oriented opening of the digital service market on its level of input and service.(3) The entity-oriented opening of the digital service market has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on the input servitization.(4) The sub-sample regression results of servitization category and economic development level show that the entity-oriented opening of the digital service market has a positive effect on the level of input servitization.(5) The entity-oriented opening of the digital service market will magnify the negative impact of the financial crisis.Fourth,this paper uses the data of Chinese listed companies from 2014 to 2019 to examine the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the level of output servitization,and draws the following conclusions.(1) The opening of the digital service market will significantly promote the improvement of output servitization behavior and the level of output servitization,and the results will be stable.(2) Considering the development stage of enterprises,the opening of the digital service market has a higher role in promoting the output servitization behavior and output servitization level of enterprises in the non-growth stage.(3) From the perspective of the economic cycle,compared with the contraction period,when the digital service market is in the expansion period,the positive effect of the opening of the digital service market on the output servitization behavior and output servitization level of enterprises is stronger.(4) The opening of the digital service market has a stronger role in promoting the output servitization behavior and output servitization level of enterprises in regions with relatively complete digital infrastructure construction.(5) This paper finds that the impact of the opening of the digital service market on the output servitization has industry heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.Based on the summary of the research conclusions of this paper,we believe that based on the summary of the research conclusions of this paper,we believe that in order to improve the availability of digital services for domestic enterprises,give full play to the role of digital services in promoting the development of the manufacturing industry,improve the level of enterprise service,enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry,and achieve high-quality economic development,China can open up the digital service market in an orderly manner,establish and improve digital service laws and regulations,strengthen negotiations and cooperation between countries,and promote the development and innovation of digital technology. |
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