Purchasing And Effect Evaluation Of Agricultural Socialized Services By Farmers In Major Grain Producing Areas

With the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in the 1980 s,China has taken the first step in the reform of rural economic system,which not only greatly liberated and developed rural productivity,but also laid a solid foundation for agricultural and rural modernization.However,with the continuous development of economy and society,the development of China’s "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" has gradually highlighted new problems: the contract responsibility system based on output has formed a basic pattern in which small farmers are the main body of agricultural production,and exacerbated the fragmentation of land management.At the same time,the outflow of young labor force has further led to the structural shortage of agricultural labor force.However,the continuous progress of the national economy and agricultural technology also provides a new historical opportunity for China’s agricultural and rural development: first,the transfer of labor force promotes the acceleration of land transfer,and gradually forms the coexistence of small farmers and large-scale management.Second,the introduction of agricultural socialized services in agricultural production has not only improved the efficiency of agricultural production,but also made an important contribution to accelerating the pace of agricultural market-oriented construction.The most basic micro agricultural management subject in China is still small farmers,and this management subject structure will continue to exist in the short term,and agricultural socialized service has become an effective path to connect small farmers and agricultural modernization.Therefore,we must improve China’s agricultural socialized service system,drive agricultural large-scale operation with large-scale,professional and intensive agricultural socialized services,and bring small farmers into the development track of modern agriculture.China’s 13 major grain producing areas undertake more than 75% of the country’s grain supply.Henan Province is the second largest grain producing area in China,which has played a vital role in the realization of China’s strategic goal of food security.Wheat is one of the three main grains in China.The wheat output of Henan Province accounts for about 1 / 4 of the total output of the country for a long time.Therefore,taking Henan Province as an example,this paper explores how to promote farmers to adopt agricultural socialized services,realize agricultural economies of scale,and increase farmers’ income on the basis of taking into account agricultural production,which can better promote the process of agricultural modernization in the main grain producing areas.From the perspective of wheat growers and based on the micro survey data of Henan Province,the main grain producing area,this paper defines the relevant concepts involved in the article according to the analysis path of "farmers’ willingness to purchase agricultural socialized services-farmers’ purchase behavior of agricultural socialized services-deviation between farmers’ purchase demand and purchase behavior of agricultural socialized services-Evaluation of the effect of farmers’ purchase of agricultural socialized services" The theory of division of labor and specialization and the theory of rational economic man construct the basic analysis framework of this study: firstly,analyze the current situation of agricultural production and agricultural socialized services in the study area,and the motivation and main problems of farmers’ purchase of agricultural socialized services.Secondly,explore the different needs and influencing factors of agricultural socialized services of farmers with different business scales;Thirdly,it analyzes the main factors affecting farmers’ purchase behavior of agricultural socialized services,and probes into the specific impact mechanism of the expansion of land management scale on Farmers’ purchase behavior of agricultural socialized services;On this basis,this paper analyzes the factors affecting farmers’ willingness to purchase agricultural socialized services and behavior deviation,as well as the specific impact mechanism of land management scale on willingness and behavior deviation;Finally,it evaluates the effect of farmers’ purchase of agricultural socialized services.On the basis of empirical research,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions,such as improving farmers’ demand for agricultural socialized services,deepening the adoption level of farmers’ socialized services,and improving the agricultural socialized service system.According to the research logic and empirical results of this paper,the following research conclusions are drawn:First,the most urgent demand for agricultural socialized services of wheat growers in the study area is machine harvesting services,followed by machine farming services and irrigation services.According to the grouping results of farmers,the top six priorities for the needs of small-scale farmers are machine harvesting service,machine farming service,machine sowing service,irrigation service,chemical fertilizer application service and pesticide application service;The services of large-scale fertilizer application and machine harvest are the most priority services for farmers.According to the empirical analysis results of the influencing factors of agricultural socialized service demand of farmers with different business scales,the age of family decision-makers,the proportion of family nonagricultural income,the proportion of family elderly and whether to join the cooperative have a significant positive impact on the agricultural socialized service demand of smallscale farmers,the degree of cultivated land fragmentation,the number of labor force The price variable of agricultural socialized service has a significant negative impact on the demand of agricultural socialized service of small-scale farmers;The gender of family decision-makers,whether to join cooperatives and villagers’ mutual assistance have a significant positive impact on the demand for agricultural socialized services of large-scale farmers.The degree of cultivated land fragmentation,the proportion of family nonagricultural income and the price of agricultural socialized services have a significant negative impact on the demand for agricultural socialized services of large-scale farmers.Second,land management scale can significantly improve farmers’ purchase level of agricultural socialized services,and there are great differences in the change of plot scale under the expansion of land management scale in different situations: continuous land transfer will expand the operation scale and plot scale at the same time,and increase farmers’ demand and investment in agricultural socialized services;When decentralized land transfer forms the expansion of land management scale,with the deepening of land fragmentation and the reduction of plot scale,this situation will inhibit the positive role of land transfer in the expansion of land management scale on Farmers’ investment in agricultural socialized services.Among other control variables,the education level of farmers and the number of families to support have a significant positive impact on the purchase level of agricultural socialized services,and the number of family labor force and regional geographical location have a significant negative impact on the purchase level of agricultural socialized services.Third,the land management scale has a nonlinear influence on the deviation between farmers’ demand intention and purchase behavior of agricultural socialized services.The inflection point of the deviation between the demand willingness of farmers for agricultural socialized services and their purchase behavior from positive to negative appears in 21.5 mu.Before the land management scale is expanded to 21.5 mu,the management scale will cause the deviation between farmers’ subjective demand and actual purchase behavior;After the business scale reached 21.5 mu,with the further expansion of land management scale,the deviation between farmers’ demand intention and actual behavior of agricultural socialized services gradually narrowed.The education level of the head of household,whether he has received agricultural skill training,the type of risk preference of the head of household,the number of people to be supported by the family,and the proportion of family nonagricultural income all have a significant negative impact on the deviation between farmers’ willingness to buy agricultural socialized services and their actual behavior;The situation of cultivated land fragmentation,the price of agricultural socialized services,whether farmers join cooperatives,the payment method of agricultural socialized services,the location of villages and villagers’ mutual assistance have a significant positive impact on the deviation between farmers’ willingness to buy agricultural socialized services and their actual behavior.Fourth,agricultural socialized services can significantly improve the level of agricultural output and the total income of farmers.The purchase of agricultural socialized services can improve the level of agricultural output,but the impact on farmers with different business scales is different.Agricultural socialized services have a significant positive impact on the level of agricultural output of large-scale farmers,but the positive impact on the level of agricultural output of small-scale farmers is not significant;Agricultural socialized services can significantly improve the wage income level of farmers’ families,and also widen the income gap within farmers.According to the contribution of intermediate factors,the promotion effect of agricultural socialized services on income is the scale effect of land transfer,the optimal allocation of labor factors and the effect of service specialization.From the perspective of different business scale,the positive effect of agricultural socialized services on the total income of large-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of small-scale farmers.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: first,increase the support of service providers and improve the coverage of agricultural socialized services.On the one hand,we will continue to promote the flow of land to large-scale operation entities,cultivate new agricultural service entities,expand service fields,and meet the differentiated service needs of farmers.On the other hand,strengthen government guidance and improve the infrastructure of agricultural production.The second is to improve the supply level of socialized services.By building a grass-roots service platform and developing a comprehensive service model,farmers can provide "onestop" services.At the same time,by standardizing the service market,we will comprehensively improve the quality and supply level of various services.And use the differential support system to strengthen the construction of weak service links in the process of agricultural production and improve the service level of the whole production chain.Finally,strengthen technical guidance and guide farmers to choose agricultural socialized services.On the one hand,farmers’ willingness to purchase agricultural technology and service at the grass-roots level should be continuously improved.On the other hand,farmers’ willingness to purchase agricultural technology and service should be improved effectively.On the other hand,guide small farmers to carry out joint production and drive small farmers to develop modern agriculture.