Research On The Influence Of Social Trust On The Decision And Income Of Rice Farmers’ Production Service Outsourcing

Agricultural production service outsourcing is an important guarantee to promote the large-scale management of agricultural land and realize agricultural and rural modernization,and also an important way to promote rural revitalization and promote the organic connection between small rice farmers and modern agricultural development.In 2023,the No.1 central document of the Central Government proposed to promote the implementation of agricultural modernization service promotion action,correspondingly increase the development of socialized services such as alternative farming and planting input,improve the whole process trusteeship,encourage the construction of regional comprehensive service platforms,and promote the cost saving and efficiency increasing,quality and efficiency improving,and marketing efficiency increasing of the agricultural industry.As a result,China’s agricultural production has entered a new historical stage,and the agricultural development goals and agricultural development path have undergone tremendous changes.The goal of agricultural development has changed from ensuring food security to the dual goal of food security and increasing farmers’ income.The path of agricultural development has changed from pursuing land output rate to pursuing labor productivity,land output rate and resource utilization rate.At present,there are still 220 million rice farmers in China,and China’s middle-aged and elderly farmers who lack employment opportunities in cities still rely on land as the main source of income.How do these family-run small rice farmers trust and choose the decision of production service outsourcing,as well as the deepening and degree of decision of rice farmers’ choice of service outsourcing,thus affecting the income of rice farmers,and promoting the rural revitalization and agricultural modernization process,This is the core category of this study and provides relevant policy reference for the country to promote agricultural production into a new historical chapter.On the basis of existing literature and research results,based on social trust theory,adoption process theory,specialization division theory and other relevant theories,this study takes rice growers as the research object,through field survey of 623 rice farmers in 51 villages in three northeastern provinces,and on the basis of new institutional economics,constructs an analytical framework of "social trust-production service outsourcing decision-making-income effect",From the perspective of social trust,this paper theoretically expounds and empirically tests the deepening,decision-making degree and income effect of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing,and finally provides countermeasures and suggestions for the smooth,rapid,harmonious and healthy development of agricultural production service outsourcing.The main research contents and relevant conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,theoretical analysis.First of all,based on the theoretical model of adoption process and the model of innovation decision-making process,this paper explores the decision-making basis and motivation of rice farmers’ adoption of production service outsourcing,and uses the theory of specialization division of labor to carry out mathematical analysis,revealing the mechanism of social trust in different stages of the decision-making process of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing;Secondly,based on the social capital theory and social trust theory,the paper analyzes the internal influence mechanism of social trust on the decision of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing by using the cost-benefit model;Thirdly,explain the impact of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decision on income.Finally,construct the theoretical framework of this study.The results show that social trust and its different dimensions have a direct impact on the outsourcing decision of rice farmers’ production services(the deepening of outsourcing decision and the degree of outsourcing decision),and the level of non-agricultural employment and marketization has a regulatory role in this process;The decision of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing has a significant positive impact on the total household income of rice farmers,and non-agricultural employment has intermediary effect in this process.Second,the impact of social trust on the deepening of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decision-making.Firstly,Logit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing behavior;Secondly,the OLS model is used to analyze the impact of social trust on the deepening of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decision-making,and the robustness test is carried out;Thirdly,it discusses the heterogeneity of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing behavior in different sample areas,specialization degree and planting scale;Finally,we use the intermediary effect model to explore the influence mechanism of the degree of organization and social trust on the deepening of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decision-making.The results show that computational trust,goodwill trust and ability trust have a significant role in promoting the behavior of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing,and they also have a significant role in deepening the decision-making of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing.However,for rice farmers in different regions,there are differences in the influencing factors of deepening the decision of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing.The degree of organization plays an intermediary role in the influence of social trust on the deepening of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decision-making.Third,the impact of social trust on the decision-making level of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing.First of all,put forward the research hypothesis by combing the existing research results;Then,the OLS model is used to analyze the degree of social trust to the decision of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing,and the Heckman two-stage model is used to test the robustness;Secondly,the paper discusses the heterogeneity of social trust on the decision level of production service outsourcing of rice farmers in different regions,specialization degree and planting scale;Finally,the paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of social trust on the decision-making degree of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing,and uses the regulatory effect model to explore the regulatory effect of non-agricultural employment and marketization level.First,computational trust,goodwill trust and ability trust can significantly improve the outsourcing frequency,outsourcing intensity and outsourcing quality in the decision-making degree of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing.Secondly,social trust has a heterogeneous impact on the decision-making level of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing with different resource endowments.Thirdly,non-agricultural employment and marketization level can positively adjust the impact of social trust on the decision-making level of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing.Fourth,the impact of agricultural production service outsourcing decision on income.Based on 623 micro survey data of rice farmers in the three northeastern provinces,the endogeneity of explanatory variables of labor,agricultural machinery and technical services was tested by instrumental variable method,and the income-increasing effect and heterogeneity of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing decisions were measured by endogenous transformation model.The main research conclusions are as follows: First,production outsourcing decision has a significant positive impact on the total household income of rice farmers,among which the impact of non-agricultural income is higher than agricultural income.Specifically,the use of labor outsourcing service,agricultural machinery outsourcing service or technical outsourcing service can significantly improve the income level of rice farmers,among which the income effect of agricultural machinery outsourcing is the highest,followed by technical service outsourcing,and labor service outsourcing.Secondly,we further examined the mechanism of the impact of production service outsourcing on the income of rice farmers and found that non-agricultural employment played an intermediary role in the impact of production service outsourcing decisions on the income of rice farmers.Finally,from the perspective of decision-making equation of production service outsourcing,with the growth of rice farmers’ age,labor service outsourcing will be positively affected but technical service outsourcing will be negatively affected;education level has a positive impact on agricultural machinery and technical service outsourcing;planting scale has a positive promoting effect on the three production service modes,while risk attitude has a negative impact on labor service outsourcing.From the perspective of heterogeneity effect,the actual income increase effect will also be affected by different household endowment factors.Based on the above analysis,the following policy recommendations are proposed:First,improve the platform-based construction of village and town organizations and enhance the level of social trust of rice farmers.The construction of the organizational platform can enhance the villagers’ collective action awareness,and information sharing can effectively communicate and enhance trust.Second,build a production service outsourcing system and promote agricultural specialization.The resource endowment of each link of rice farmers’ production service outsourcing is different.The efficiency of the overall production service outsourcing will be significantly improved by improving the professional division of labor,effectively and targeted training of professional and technical personnel,and improving the service quality of each link.Third,enhance the influence of agricultural organizations in villages and towns,promote rice farmers’ organizational learning through intra-organizational relations,and contact scientific knowledge and cutting-edge agricultural industry dynamics.Fourth,provide more non-agricultural employment opportunities and broaden access to information for rice farmers.Open up ideas to obtain information and employment opportunities through multiple channels,and make full use of the Internet development dividend to provide more jobs and multi-source information access.Fifth,some leading enterprises under the guidance of the government try to develop smart farms in places where conditions permit,provide scientific and technological elements for local villages and towns,and drive more technology landing.With the support of targeted subsidy policies,it is encouraged to try to introduce more high-tech combine harvesters,rice transplanters,etc.,and to guide the development of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment requires the catfish effect of some high-quality enterprises to stir up the market and further improve the mechanical productivity and production service outsourcing efficiency.Possible innovations of this article:First,the research content is innovative.Rice farmers growing single-season rice in the three provinces of Northeast China are selected as research objects.Under the background of population loss and lagging information acquisition in Northeast China,the research is conducted from the perspective of social trust,which is relatively valued in the rural culture of Northeast China,and focuses on revealing the influencing factors of the decision-making behavior of rice farmers choosing production service outsourcing when planting rice in single season in Northeast China.Second,The research perspective is innovative.From the perspective of economics,social trust variables are introduced,and the key issues affecting the decision-making of production service outsourcing of rice farmers are closely investigated.Rice farmers who commonly adopt production service outsourcing behavior are selected as research objects,and their social trust is measured from three dimensions.The effects of social trust and different dimensions on the deepening and degree of rice production service outsourcing decision were tested theoretically and empirically.Third,the research idea is innovative.In terms of the impact of social trust on the decision-making of production and service outsourcing,the research verifies that non-agricultural employment has a moderating role in the impact of some dimensions of social trust on the decision-making of rice farmers’ production and service outsourcing.At the same time,non-agricultural employment has verified the existence of intermediary utility in the study of its impact on rice farmers’ income.The existing literature has conducted extensive research on production service outsourcing from different perspectives and dimensions,but the research on the effect of production service outsourcing on farmers’ welfare,especially on farmers’ income,has paid less attention to the mechanism,endogenous and heterogeneity of production service outsourcing on farmers’ income in different service outsourcing links.This has been supplemented and further promoted on the basis of existing literature.