Research On Energy Consumption And Sustainable Development Of Agricultural Production In Mongolia

Energy is a key component in increasing agricultural production for the world’s rapidly growing population.Despite population growth,food production has declined in many parts of South Asia,while per capita food consumption has remained stable.Improved agricultural processing efficiency and judicious use of agronomic inputs can help improve crop yields and system sustainability.Since crop production is sensitive to climate change,agricultural operations that have an impact on the environment should be treated with caution.Food and environmental protection require more farming,increased yields,and more efficient energy production.Most regional studies are concerned with the availability and cost of agricultural inputs.However,there are few studies in the literature on accounting performance evaluation of agricultural production processes based on sustainable agricultural growth,energy performance or environmental impact analysis.This study analyzes energy use and investigates the impact of energy inputs and forms of energy on output levels in Mongolian agriculture from1960 to 2018.Output levels are calculated as annual wheat equivalents for the 14 major provinces.Output levels were specified as functions of human,mechanical,electrical,diesel,fertilizer,pesticides,irrigation water,and seed energy,using the ordinary least squares method of the Cobb-Douglas function to determine yield and various energy inputs.The wheat yield ASDI by region in Mongolian agriculture from 11960 to 2018.We assumed the input and output were energy equivalents and calculated the maximum marginal benefit,maximum output means Km,and analyzed the Agricultural Sustainable Development Index and future trends using that information.The results show that the total energy input increased from 2359.50 MJ ha-1 in 2005 to3047.61 MJ ha-1 in 2018,while the total output energy increased from 2312.08 MJ ha-1 to4562.56 MJ ha-1.Energy efficiency(input-output ratio),energy productivity,and net energy of wheat production were examined during this period.Fertilizer inputs were statistically significant,in particular nitrogen,diesel,and irrigation water contributions to output levels had elasticities of 3.52;3.09,and 2.33,respectively.Therefore,the results also show that nonrenewable,direct,and indirect energy forms have a positive effect on output levels.In addition,the use of non-renewable energy sources in Mongolian agriculture has increased significantly.This inefficient energy use pattern in Mongolian agriculture creates environmental problems such as decreased food self-sufficiency and unsustainable.The results revealed that the Central and Eastern regions had passed through the green zone,had reached the maximum Km output,and had then optimized.We could add more inputs to these two regions and still get the same outputs.Because it is so detrimental to environmental ecosystems such as soil and water,we must focus agricultural management on these regions and possibly share other countries’ experiences in order to change farming techniques and improve knowledge.