The Healthy Water Cycle And The New Water Strategies Taking Water Resources And Water Environment Of Shanxi As An Example

From the actual regularities of historical development of Shanxi water environment, the process from much water to water shortage is analyzed. With the theories of hydrology and hydrogeology, the main elements and controlling factors of water cycle are studied. The reasons of water cycle being destroied are as follows: Because of the forest-steppe vegetation destroied and water and soil erosion, water resource conservation layer is destructed, and surface water and groundwater of mountainous areas is also damaged. Groundwater is damaged as a result of poor drainage of mining industry. The river channelization destroies surface water and wetland groundwater. The plain groundwater is damaged because of excessive exploitation. The decreasing of actual evaporization destructs precipitaion cycle.The traditonal water strategies are analyzed and reviewed, and the new water strategies are proposed because of the misplays of traditional water strategies of depending on engineering techniques overly and ignoring ecological strategies. And when ecological environment being restored, the strategies of industries, water utilization and ecology are assured by the strategies of population, environment and law, based on which the healthy water cycle is restored.The first link is to restore overall hydrological effect of forest ecological environment. The second is to restore grassland ecological environment in order to gradually reduce the negative influence of water resources to the least. The third link is to restore the ice and snow resources in headwaters areas. And through international cooperations and effective technologies, greenhouse gas emission is reduced and global warming is slowed down. The fourth link is to keep the equalizing cycle among groundwater, surface water and atmospheric water. And through rational water resources planning, over-extraction of groundwater and large scale surface water transfering should be limited. The fifth link is to assure water balance of every water areas, and assure enough land evaporation to meet the requirements of atmospheric water cycle.The healthy water cycle is scientifically divided. Natural water cycle is divided to soil water cycle, groundwater cycle, atmospheric water cycle and biological water cycle. Industrial water cycle is divided to getting water, using water, waste water treatment, multi-class propagation and deep treatment and recycled water cycle. Healthy global water cycle is divided to natural production of water resources, human water use and ecological water use, indirect healthy water use of other material cycles, impacts of human activity on water environment, restoring of ecological environment and recycling of water resources.The most important thing of solving the water cycle crisis and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources is to establish new strategies of healty water cycle. The new strategies contains the following three aspects: water resources production strategies in the natural science category, water industry strategies in engineering science category and environment protection strategies in social science category. The new water strategies alter the traditional water controlling to adapting and protecting environment, which will become the guideline of restoring ecological environment and realize the real harmony between human and nature.