| During the course of the urbanization of China, Chinese traditional characteristic dwellings are in a vulnerable position. Dating from thousands of years ago, yaodong (the cave dwellings) of shanxian county, with the peculiar architectural characteristics and the flavor of the surrounding villages reveals the world the profound of the Loess Plateau culture. But as the residential building, yaodong has many disadvantages, which with the improvement of people's living standards results in more and more residents'abandoning them in pursuit of the so-called"city life". Being exposed to the influence of the thought like this, how to improve yaodong, preserve it and pass down our culture so as to meet the needs of the development of the society is the first concern for us at present.Through the research on yaodong of shanxian, the author made field trips to the yaodong communities there, such as renmazhai, miaoshang village and badly-damaged xizhangcun yaodong community. With the theoretical base of the Ecological Environment for Human Settlement and the Sustainable Development Theory, the author makes full use of the science of architecture, urban planning, the science of geography, anthropology, culturology, economics, aesthetics, ecology, combines investigation and documentation to do a deep research on the yaodong in shanxian and draws a conclusion that shanxian yaodong is the precious historical and cultural heritage and will be existing for a long time in the future. All the measures taken to protect it should be focused on people, think local, and act local. All possible factors should be taken into account, for example, the local economic development, ecological agriculture, the experience economy, leisure travel, estate and building structure. Nowadays, under the current strategic situation of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is of great practical significance to preserve yaodong, which will provide some referential experience for the study of urban underground.
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