Viewing Distance Analysis Of Classical Gardens In Suzhou

With the rapid economic development, urban construction is promoted vigorously and new gardens have been also desighned, but it is paid attention to plane composition too much, as well as imitation of the foreign garden, ignoring the basic function of the garden which is can tour and have niceness to view.When people positioned himself in the garden, they watch the specific attractions, and experience the immersive feeling of space. Most of the space perception come from visual directly, hearing, smell, and touch often play a subsidiary role, so creating a good visual experience in the landscape design is very important. The viewing distance is an important component of the visual, and plays an important role of link in the viewing process. In order to create a better visual experience, we need a indepth understanding of the laws of viewing distance design.Based on the analysis of literature and the survey of two cases of classical gardens in Suzhou, a systemic analysis of the viewing distance design feature has be made. At first, the effects of viewing distance under various factors has been analyzed, then the main affecting factors are choiced and straighted out, finially,the analysis methods is summed up which can supply theoretical basis for the further study. Then though the survy and measurements of two classical gardens——Humble Administrator's Garden and Master-Of-Nets Garden, viewing distance design features and potential laws in Suzhou classical Gardens have been summarized. On this basis, what kind of viewing distance design laws is scientific and practical has beed explored. Furthermore, the outlook for the next research has been proposed.The main conclusions are as followings:①Viewing distance is covering three aspects: viewing subject, ornamental objects, measuring distance. They are indispensable. The study of viewing distance includes five parts: selection of view-plots, the choice of scenic spots, the methods of measurement, the definition of scope, and factors which lead to visual illusions. the choice of scenic spots, the definition of scope, the analysis of factors which lead to visual illusions, are aimed at ornamental objects; selection of view-plots is for viewing subject; the methods of measurement are for measuring distance. Viewing distance has some laws and there also exists a certain extent of changes undering the action of multiple affecting factors. ②The best viewing distance of the various landscape elements in Suzhou classical gardens is different. The best viewing distance of hills is related with the the integrity of horizontal surface, according to different materials, there are also differences in viewing distance,earth piled hills'better viewing distance between 9~23m, rocky hills'better viewing distance between 2~24m. The scale of water which around the hills usually controlled around 7~17m. It is connected with the viewing distance of hills, and affects the viewing distance; the best viewing distance of architecher is related with the integrity of vertical and horizontal surface, viewing line of sight; building's viewing distance is closely related to the different type and function. Small, ornamental buildings can be clearly viewed from 9~30m, as 20~30m is the best viewing distance of the whole scene; large buildings' best viewing distance is between 12~ 35m; according to different dimensions space of plants, there are differences between the control of viewing distance. Two-dimensional ornamental plants' viewing distance is usually controlled less than 4m, three-dimensional ornamental plants' best viewing distance generally between 1-2 times of its height.③In the final analysis, the fluctuation factors are color, texture, actual situation, enframed scenery and vista, look down and up. Use these factors skilled in the practical operation can enhance a variety of good results, and also make up a little inadequate.