| In this paper ,biological characters of Shangluo Danshen(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) were researched in order to offer theoretical basis for standard cultivation. The research included two parts: indoors and fields. The former included morphology and anatomy of Danshen,s nutritional organ and biological character of seed germination; the latter included the morphophology and development of Danshen,the effect on output and effective ingredients by different planting density and excising flower bud, the special phenomenon in Danshen growth , and the biological character of reproduction . The material was from Shangluo Danshen which grew in fields for 2 years. The main results as follows:1. Morphology and anatomy of stalk ,leaf and root were observed. There were epidermis hairs in stalks and leaves. Stomas like kidney lies in the leaves. Epidermis hairs and stomas had important effects on resisting unfavorable conditions. Side direction growth of roots was vigorous.2. Seedlings and root system of Danshen had obvious correlation when they were transplanted into fields. During the first nutritional growth period, seedlings growth rapidly, at first (height of plants and weight increased rapidly). The rapid growth stage on root system lag behind seed system obviously. During the second nutritional growth period, root growth dominantly. After blossom, Danshen entered reproduction growth stage ,and the weight and height of seedling system increased little while root system growth tended gentle. After seeds ripened, Danshen entered the second nutritional growth stage. The first ten-day period of November was the optimal harvest time for Danshen .3. Different planting density had notable effects on output and content of active constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge .The output and content reached the best when the planting density was 20cm×25cm. The output of fresh roots got to 1631Kg/mu. The content of Danshen su got to 2.15% and the content of tanshinonIIA got to 0.42%. The experiment proved that excising flower bud could improve output of Danshen. 4. It was observed that Salvia miltihiorrhiza Bunge could emerge dormancy phenomina in summer. As a kind of medicinal plant , we must take some measures to prevent dormancy in summer.5. Danshen seeds have the biological character of absorbing water rapidly. At 10~25℃, we put the seeds into water, after 10 minutes, the seeds weight will be about 4.5 times as itself. Two hours later, it will be 10.5 times and 11.7 times as the seeds weight respectively. Temperature has no significant influent on the rate of absorbing water. The optimal temperature of Salvia miltihiorrhiza Bunge seed germination is from 25℃ to 30℃. In the laboratory ,using the filter paper bed, at 25℃,seed of grade 1 the percent of germination is 83% and mixture seed,s percent of germination is 74%. At the results also appeared that pre-freezing, PEG-4000 initiation and GA3 soaking can enhance the seeds germination capacity obviously. Using ultrasonic technique & PEG initiation to treat the one-year-stored seeds, the germination capacity can be improved significantly.6. Studies on flower character, morphology of flower, pollen vigor, pollination pattern and so on were done. It was showed that: pollen vigor of Salvia miltihiorrhiza Bunge was more than 80%, pollination time had little effect on setting seed rate of Salvia miltihiorrhiza Bunge; the natural setting seed rate was 75.4% and setting seed rate by self-cross was 46.16% which showed that Salvia miltihiorrhiza Bunge belongs to often cross pollination plants.
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