Collection, Evaluation, Selection And Breeding Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge Varieties

Taking eight collected Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge varieties as materials, the whole experiment included indoor analysis and field observation to evaluate the adaptability and to investigate the growth situation of the varieties clected in Shangluo, Shaanxi province. The sterile plant of S. miltiorrhiza was found firstly, and an observation on the biological traits and transmissibility of F1 generation of the sterile plant was made. At the same time, growth situation of S. miltiorrhiza was studied; the uniform standard of variety selection was established after repeated experiment. Variety purification and rejuvenation was carried out, satisfactory results were achieved in the field. The purpose of field experiment was to observe the agricultural traits and record the yield of each variety, indoor analysis, however was to observe the external structure of microspore, the character of leaf surface, the transverse section structure of the stem and the root under microscope, and to determine the contents of the components in the roots. The distinguishing characters and identifying methods of different varieties were put forward to insure the variety purity in accordance with the standards required by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The main results are as follows: 1. Evaluation on the ecological adaptability of different varieties: Nandanshen (south S. miltiorrhiza Bunge) is the most suitable one to be planted in Shangluo with the largest crown width, the highest yield of individual plant, high content of effective ingredient, high proportion of quality roots and the medium grade of resistance to nematodes infection (grade 3). Shaanxi Danshen(Shaanxi S. miltiorrhiza Bunge) is in the secondary rank in crown width, the yield of individual plant, high proportion of quality roots and fourth rank in the effective ingredient content. It has low tolerance to root nematodes infection, belongs to the fourth grade. It's the relatively suitable variety. Ganxi Shuwei Danshen (Ganxi S. miltiorrhiza) and Shandong Baihua Danshen (Shandong S. miltiorrhiza) was in the second and the third grade respectively in the content of active constituent. Shandong Baihua has the highest resistance to nematodes infection, belonging to the first grade. Ganxi Shuwei, however, has the medium resistance to nematodes infection, belonging to the third grade. Both are suitable varieties. Because of small crown width, olw yield of individual plant and active constituent, varieties of No. 61-2-22, Maodihuang Danshen, Liaoning Danshen and Sanye Danshen are not suitable to plant in the experimental area. But Sanye Danshen showed high resistance to nematode, indicating that it can be used as a germplasm resource for breeding disease resistant variety. 2. Biological characteristics of different S. miltiorrhiza Bunge germplasm resources: Different varieties have some differences in plant height, crown width, leaf shape, shape of leaf edge, leaf color, number and length of leaf villus, presence of villus hamulus, stem color, stem villus, root depth, root length, root diameter, number of roots, and yield of individual plant and content of active constituents. Different varieties can be identified and distinguished according to their agricultural and apparent characteristics. There are highly significant difference in canopy width, root diameter, number of roots, root fresh weight and active ingredient content, while there are significant difference in root depth and root length among different varieties. These differences provide abundant gene resources for cross-hybridization of S. miltiorrhiza. 3. Anatomical structure of different varieties: based on the observation of the microstructure of external structure of microspore, leaf epidermis, stem transverse section and root transverse section, it can be found that there are some differences among different varieties. Different varieties can be distinguished and identified according to these characteristics. 4. Correlation among the agricultural traits in different varieties: according to the analysis of correlation among the agricultural traits, all traits are positively correlated except for Dansentong â…¡A. 5. Biological characteristics and genetic law: danshen sterile plant and Shaanxi Dansen almost have the same biological traits. The main difference is male sterility and no microspore. The genetic characteristic is cytoplasmic-nuclear type. 6. Purification and rejuvenation of Shaanxi Danshen: for the purification and rejuvenation, plant selection, propagation methods and working regulations were suggested. 500 mu seed producing plantation has been established.