Study On Flue-cured Tobacco Positioning Planting System Of Linyi In Shandong Province

At present, researching and developing Chinese style cigarette is the theme of China tobacco industry, which needs the tobacco leaves of different quality styles. The tobacco quality style is related with ecological environment, varieties and the corresponding cultivating practices. It is very important for Linyi district to produce leaf tobacco with distinct style and a good market, which asks a good planting system aiming at the ecological and practical conditions. Therefore, the study on flue-cured tobacco positioning planting system was carried out in the several past years. The aim of this research is to develop a tobacco growing system based on the ecological environment. The growing system involves plotting tobacco-growing areas, distributing tobacco varieties and developing the corresponding technology, which can make Linyi flue-cured tobacco production develop continuously, stably and healthily, also raise the earnings of farmers and the financial income of government.The study on flue-cured tobacco positioning planting system of Linyi included quality flue-cured tobacco growing area distribution, variety selection and distribution, the technique of balanceable fertilization and so on. The results are as follows.Quality Yimengshan tobacco is produced in calcareous soil including leached cinnamon soil and drab soil and in brown soil developed from acid rock in mountainous areas of Yishan, Mengshan and Mengni. The Linyi tobacco-growing district is located in wet climatic or half wet climatic zone accompanied by the characteristics of distinct mountainous climate, the daily temperature variance is equal to or over 10℃ during harvesting time, the air is fresh and the water is sweet. The leaf tobacco produced here is suitable for manufacturing high class flue-cured cigarette owing to its bright and golden yellow color, middle-flavor type and harmonious chemical components. Linyi quality tobacco-growing district can be divided into four areasaccording to soil type and tobacco quality. I Linyi quality tobacco production area which climate is half wet and which soil is leached cinnamon soil, drab soil or skeletal soil. II Mengni quality tobacco production area which climate is wet or half wet and which soil is leached cinnamon soil or skeletal soil. Ill Yidong quality tobacco production area which climate is half wet and which soil is skeletal soil or brown soil. IV Shudong quality tobacco production area which climate is wet and which soil is skeletal soil or brown soil.In I area, ZhongyanlOO and NC89 should be the dominating cultivars for fertile fields in hill or half mountainous area; whereas ZhongyanlOl adapts to infertile fields, Zhongyan 14 is a replacement variety for infertile fields. In II area, ZhongyanlOO and NC89 should be the dominating cultivars, Yunyan85 and K326 are replacement varieties. In III area, ZhongyanlOO should be the dominating cultivar as ZhongyanlOl is the secondary variety. In IV area, the cultivars ZhongyanlOO and NC89 are dominating, while Zhongyan99 and ZhongyanlOl are replacement varieties.In Linyi tobacco-growing district, 75kg N had better be applied per hectare for the common varieties such as Yunyan85 and K326, and 90kg N per hectare is feasible for the varieties such as Zhongyan 100 that can absorb much fertilizer in the tobacco fields of middle fertility. The best ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 1:2. Lack of the microelements such as zinc, molybdenum and boron can affect tobacco quality, the function of boron is especially important. The application of boron may be involved in fertilization plan. Three fertilization principles for Linyi tobacco production were suggested. The first one is to reduce nitrogen, increase potassium and stabilize phosphorus. The second one is five combinations and one control. The five combination is that organic fertilizer is combined with inorganic fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen is integrated with ammonium nitrogen, major elements are combined with microelements, underground fertilization is integrated with foliar application and basal fertilizer deeply applied is combined with dressing early applied. The one control is to control the application of farmyard manure. The third one is that 75kg N had better be applied per hectare for the common varieties such as Yunyan85 and K326, and 90kg N per hectare is feasible for the varieties such as ZhongyanlOOwhich can absorb much fertilizer in the tobacco fields of middle fertility. The best ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:2:3, the nitrogen fertilizer consisting of 50% nitrate and 50% ammonium is better.Linyi flue-cured tobacco positioning planting system has covered the land of 23 067 hm2, which has increased the earnings of farmer by RMB124 581 000 and raised the agricultural tax by RMB24 917 000. The leaf tobacco produced under this system had rich oil, harmonious chemical components, uniform quality, medium body and typical middle-flavor type. The whole quality was improved year after year. More and more Linyi tobacco is purchased by the cigarette manufacturer due to its good usability, which enhances the position of Linyi tobacco used as major material in cigarette manufacturing.