Research On Improved Variety Breeding Of Jerusalem Artichoke And Matching Cultivation In Northwest Liaoning

The growth and development rhythm of 5 Jerusalem artichoke species in Keerqin sandy has been studied and major indexes have been compared. The nutritional components of tuber have been tested from edible and ecological value and compnents of leaf from feed value as well. Then the results have been analyzed and compared. The optimal process of hydrothermal method on red Jerusalem artichoke has been studied. The economic, eco-economic and ecological models have been investigated,and optimal cultivation conditions have been determined.The results show: (1) The growth and development of Jerusalem artichoke can be divided into 3 stages:1st-8th week from emergence is seedling emergence stage,the Jerusalem artichoke grows slowly and dry matter of root,stem and leaf accumulate little in this stage. 9th-18th week is fast growth stage, the Jerusalem artichoke grows rapidly, dry matter of root, stem and leaf accumulate much, and LAI rises rapidly in this stage. 19th-23rd week is tuber expanding stage, the weight and volume of tuber rise rapidly, the flower appears and matures, the dry matter of stem and leaf reduce,and LAI decreases rapidly. The red Jerusalem artichoke is proper to be plant of wind prevention and sand fixation.(2) Red Jerusalem artichoke in 5 Jerusalem artichoke is proper to be ecological variety to improve ecological environment of arid impoverishment zone.Long-white Jerusalem artichoke fits for economic variety to develop product. 5 Jerusalem artichoke are not suitable for high quality feed, but can be common feed in which red Jerusalem artichoke is best.(3) The optimal process of hydrothermal method are: solid-liquid ratio 1:10,temperature 90℃,extraction time 120min,extracted liquid-ethanol ratio 1:4. Extracted liquid-ethanol ratio in 4 factors has the most obvious effect on extraction ratio of inulin,and solid-liquid ratio secondly,then extraction temperature. Extraction time has not significant effect on extraction ratio of inulin.(4) In economic cultivation model,the optimal conditions are:variety red Jerusalem artichoke,planting density 45000 strains per hectare,fertilizer rate 15kg per mu. In eco-economic cultivation model,the optimal conditions are:variety red Jerusalem artichoke and white-red Jerusalem artichoke,and the former better, planting density 42000 strains per hectare,zero fertilizer rate in dry season,which can make comprehensive effect including ecology and ecomomy best. In ecological model,red Jerusalem artichoke can grow well in gangue hill and dumping site, and effect of the latter better.