Studies And Analysis On Biological Feature Of Growth And Fruiting From Introduced Cultivars Of Pistachio Tree

The pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) is the number of the Anacardiaceae family and is the only one edible species among the 11 species in the genus Pistacia. The commercial name of pistachio nut is called " Kaixinguo" in China. As one kind of special tree nut with high economic value and without commercial planting and production in China, Pistachio will be promising by introduction.On the baseline of the overall observation and investigation of climate condition (including temperature, precipitation, humidity, etc), soil status and other environment condition from the trail field, studies and analysis on biological feature of growth and fruiting from introduced pistachio cultivars named "Kerman" and "Peter" have been down. The essential results of study in the project were to:(1) Introduced cultivars "Kerman" and "Peter" have adapted circumstances condition and keep going well on growth, blooming and bearing. All of the 4 female trees got blooming and bearing after 6 years adapted growth. (2) The rootstock named Chinese Pistacia from local was the best rootstock at present by trail. Grafted seedling showed high survival ratio, good appetency between rootstock and cion, and bearing after 3 years of adapted growth, the nut's nutrition from grafted tree was as same as commercial nut by analysis. (3) The female cultivar "Kerman" tree showed some advantage including growth up fast in its seedling period and bearing early. The ratio of inflorescence bud was 34%, the average clusters in the fruiting branch were 31, the average inflorescences each tree were 3274, the fruiting ratio of each inflorescences were 100%, the average fruiting ratio of each flower set was between 16.7%- 33.3%. The single nut set of "Kerman" cultivar in trail field showed big size and nature color. The male cultivar "Peter" tree showed a long pollen period with large quantity of pollen, it can make up low pollen ratio caused by different blooms period between "Kerman "and "Peter"; (4) Though the introduced cultivars in the trail field can finish all of the growth period including germination, blooms, fruiting and defoliate, but the phenophase of both two cultivars was postponed 30^th days than original place because of different temperature, The female cultivar "Kerman" need 150-155 days from fruiting to nut mature, the total of growth period was around 240 days. (5) Vegetable growth both introduced tree and grafted tree kept going well, the indexes of height and diameter were as same as original place, it was higher than same cultivars tree in Shufu county, and differentia showed salience by variance analyses. (6) The average size of the nuts harvested from introduced tree and grafted tree was around 1.970×1.231cm, the average weight of nut was 0.884g and the highest one was 1.25g, the average kernel ratio of each nut was 59.4 %, the average nut ratio of each fresh nut was 68.3 %, the average split ratio was 65%; The surface of the nut has stain plots because of precipitation in the nuts growth period. (7) The introduced cultivars put up overmuch of vegetable growth and insufficiency of procreation growth with 2.78 kg yield per tree only. (8) Ten kind of nutrition indexes from harvested nuts of introduced tree have been evaluated, all of the indexes were as same as commercial nut by lab analysis, but the kernel ratio and fat ratio showed salience differentia by variance analyses. (9) Both introduced trees and the grafted trees showed high cold resistance in the trail field. The introduced trees have never happened serious cold damage in the past 10 years without special field management. The grafted trees in the spring season have passed winter without any special protection, and the grafted tree in the summer season have passed winter with wrap seedling by straw. The introduced cultivars also showed early-spring cold resistance, Pollen germination ratio of male cultivar "Peter" got 72% when the temperature was only -6-2℃in its bloom period. (10) there were 3 kinds of diseases caused by fungus have appeared in the past 10 years, the disease named Botrysphaeria Panicle Blight is getting serious and devastating.