Research On Phylogenesis And Genetic Diversity Of Three Subspecies Of Wapiti (Red Deer) In Xinjiang

To explore the phylogeny and genetic diversity of three subspecies of wapiti (red deer) in Xinjiang and provide the theoretical basis for study in origin of wapiti, Species conservation and development of deer industry, cyt b gene sequence analysis and microsatellite DNA markers were applied. The results were as follows:1 Research on the phylogeny of 3 subspecies of wapiti in Xinjiang (Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti)(1) By sequencing and analyzing the cyt b gene of 3 subspecies of wapiti, 38 samples analyzed, the result indicated that: the length of cyt b of Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti was 1140bp. mutation conversion / transversion ratio was relatively high (R = 25.6650).There was codon bias in the use of Cyt b gene bases.(2) There were five haplotypes in population of Tarim wapiti, diversity of haplotype (Dh) was 0.5930±0.1440, diversity of nucleotide (Pi) was 0.0090±0.0060. There were one haplotype in population of Altai wapiti, diversity of haplotype ( Dh) was 0.0000, diversity of nucleotide (Pi) was 0.0000. There were four haplotypes in population of Tarim wapiti, diversity of haplotype (Dh) was 0.6360±0.1280, diversity of nucleotide (Pi) was 0.0060±0.0010.(3) The distance of genetic between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti was 0.0510±0.0060. The distance of genetic between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti was 0.0490±0.0060. The distance of genetic between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti was 0.0070±0.0020.(4) Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti belonged to the different groups, on the basis of phylogenetic trees constructed. The Tarim wapiti belonged to the European wapiti, the Altai wapiti group and Tianshan wapiti belonged to Asia / North America wapiti group.(5) There were some haplotypes of Tarim red deer and Tianshan wapiti clustered with other subspecies. It was suggested that Tarim red deer and Tianshan wapiti were subject to invasion by other species, suspiciously due to the hybridization caused by introduction. 2 Research on the genetic diversity of 3 subspecies of wapiti in Xinjiang (Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti)(1) Sixteen microsatellite loci were amplified and analyzed in three subspecies of wapiti, 128 samples in all. Based on gene frequency calculated by POPGENE32 software, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in 16 loci was tested. The results indicated that only part of these loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were 7, 5 and 8 loci in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for population of Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti respectively. Most of loci were not in disequilibration(2) The polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.4129, 0.5366, 0.4997 respectively in populations of Tarim wapiti, Altai wapiti, and Tianshan wapiti. Expected Heterozygosity (He) was 0.4583, 0.5848, 0.5611 respectively. The number of effective alleles (Ne) was 2.1744, 3.5324, 2.9760 respectively. Shannon index was 0.8597, 1.1871, 1.0731 respectively. It was indicated the genetic diversity was moderate in three populations of wapiti.(3) The Gst was 0.1425 among three population. Fst was 0.1404 between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti, 0.1106 between Tarim wapiti and Tianshan wapiti, 0.0729 between Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti. It was indicated that there was moderate differentiation between each two populations, and the differentiation between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti was the highest.(4) Detection of inbreeding showed Fis and Fit were both positive. The result indicated there was inbreeding between them.(5) The gene was lowest between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti (Nm=1.530), highest between Tarim wapiti and Tianshan wapiti (Nm=3.179), intermediate between Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti (Nm=2.011), the result indicated there was different degree of gene flow among three populations.(6) The Ds and Da genetic distance were coincidence with Fst and Gst, The genetic distance between Tarim wapiti and Altai wapiti was the highest, between Altai wapiti and Tianshan wapiti was the lowest. The dendrogram and cyt b analysis among three populations receive the same result.