Study On Effects Of Different Soil Types On Growth, Physiology-Biochemistry And Artemisinin Content Of Artemisia Annua L.

Effect of four different types of soil, red soil, yellow sandy soil, black soil and white clay, on growth, physiology and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L. was studied in order to find out the best suitable soil for planting Artemisia annua L.. The main results were summarized as follows:First, in growth character aspect, the emergence of seedlings of Artemisia annua L. which planted on the black soil was the earliest, and the next was the yellow sandy soil, the last was the white soil. The emergence of buds which planted on the red soil and white clay was the earliest, and the latest was black soil. The growth characteristic of Artemisia annua L.such as height, stalk diameters, ramification number, width was better when planted on the black soil, and the same as the yellow sand soil. The rootstalk ratio of Artemisia annua L. planted on the yellow sandy soil was significantly less than planting on the other three soils, but the biomass was significantly higher than red soil and white clay, only inferior to the black soil. There were significant and positive correlations between yield and stalk diameter, width. Second, the change of chlorophyll content of leaves that planted on the black soil was the least, and the change extension of the chlorophyll content was the least too. These showed the Artemisia annua L. planted on the black soil had a slower aging rate and could live long. The chlorophyll content of leaves that planted on the yellow sandy soil was higher in the forward period but decreased quickly in the later period. Ca²⁺( Mg²⁺)-ATPase and soluble protein content in leaf had the same trend with the chlorophyll content. Total soluble sugar had the same trend with the polysaccharide content in leaf, witch were higher when planted on the yellow sandy soil, and lower on the black soil, and the change trend were not accordant with chlorophyll content and soluble protein content. Even in the late period, there were high soluble sugar and polysaccharide content in the leaves. The total N content of the Artemisia annua L.was the highest when planted on the black soil and the total P content and total K content were the highest when planted on the yellow sand soil. For the senescence characters, CAT, SOD activities were higher but POD activities and MDA content was lower when Artemisia annua L. planted on the black soil witch showed the senescent speed of plant was slow. There were the contrary trend about CAT, SOD, and POD activities when planted on the yellow sandy soil, but MDA content was the highest when planted on the white clay.Third, ultraviolet spectrophotometric was used to determine artermisinin content of different part of plant in this experiment. The result showed that the artermisinin content was highest in all parts of the plant when planted on the white clay, the next was the yellow sandy soil, and planted on the black sandy soil was the lowest.The yield of the artermisinin was determined both by the biomass and the artermisinin content in Artemisia annua L.. We could know from the analysis above, Artemisia annua L. that planted on the black soil had the most biomass but had the least artermisinin content, just contrary to the white clay. But Artemisia annua L. planted on the yellow sandy soil had both high biomass and high artermisinin content. So Artemisia annua L. should be planted on the yellow sandy soil when the artermisinin was wanted.There were two fastigium of the artermisinin content in the all period, which were the late days of July and the middle ten days of November. Considering the middle ten days of November had much more biomass than the late days of July and the bud had the same artermisinin content with the leaf, so the best harvest time was the middle ten days of November.