Studies On Isozymes And Inorganic Elements In Germplasm Resources Of Curcuma L.

Radix Curcumae is an import Chinese medicine.In the ClaP of 2005,the root tuber of four Curcuma species:Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling,C.longa L.,C. kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang and C.phaeocaulis Valeton,can be used as Radix Curcumae.In addition,the root tuber of C.sichuanensis C.K.Hsich et H.Zhang and C. chuanhuangjiang Z.Y.Zhu also can be used as Radix Curcumae.As for the germplasm resources of Radix Curcumae,Curcuma Roxb.is very import in Zingiberaceae.The genus Curcuma,with about 60 species,mainly grow in the southeast Asia and north Australia.There are 10 species in China,among which 3 species were introduced from foreign countries.Sichuan province is a trueborn region of Radix Curcumae.The classification,identification and quality control of Radix Curcumae materials are difficult due to their complex origin,wide distribution,multi-variety and hard access to fruits with blooms of most species.In order to exactly identify the resources of Radix Curcumae,to select high quality germplasm resources,to inspect the genetic diversity,to investigate the interspecific relationship in Curcuma,we studied the variety and quality of six species of Curcuma, these are import germplasm resources of Radix Curcumae,on morphology,isoenzyme and mineral contents.The main results are as follows:1.35 samples germplasm resource of Radix Curcumae were under observation in terms of morphologic characters such as leaf shape,the color of leaf,the shape of basic leaf,the shape of root tuber and its color,the shape of rhizome and its color,the height and leaf number.The results indicated that the height of Curcuma phaeocaulis surpasses that of other species;the costate leaf of C.phaeocaulis is amaranthine,which is different from other species which are green;both sides of leaf have hair in C.kwangsiensis and C. chuanhuangjiang;the shape of all the earthnut is olivary,all the transverse sections are white except that C.longa is light yellow. 2.To explore the genetic relationships of the 39 materials in six species of Curcuma, peroxidase isozyme(POD) and esterase isozyme(EST) were studied by means of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) technique,and the zymogram were analyzed by means of software of NTSYSpc2.1.The results show that:the interspecific zymogramatic differences are obvious.Each species possesses specific zymogram.In the analysis of EST isozyme,C.phaeocaulis,C.wenyujin,C kwangsiensis and C. chuanhuangjiang have their own specific zymogram respectively,while C.sichuanensis and C.longa have zymogram in common.In the analysis of POD isozyme,C.phaeocaulis and C.kwangsiensis have their specific zymogram.The genetic relationships are not associated with their geographical distribution and the genetic relationship between C. longa and C.sichuanensis are very close.3.To analyze the inorganic elements in the rhizoma curcumae longae in Sichuan and to provide data for the medicinal uses and choice of cultivation base.Mg,Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy,and Mo,Pb,Cr and Cd were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.The results show that: the quantity of Mg was in the most amounts and Cr was the least.Generally speaking,the mineral contents of the rhizoma curcumae longae are Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu> Mo>Pb>Cd>Cr.To sum up,the morphologic difference between C.phaeocaulis and the other species is distinct.C.longa and C.sichuanensis are undistinguishable,according to morphologic and isoenzyme characters,where as the rests by the same methods can be used to identify the other species in Curcuma.The genetic relationships are not associated with their geographical distribution and the genetic relationship between C.longa and C. sichuanensis are very close.The results provide a scientific basis for the variety identification and the foundation of rhizoma curcumae longae GAP base.