Studies On The Mechanism Of Rhizome Development Of Schisandra Chinensis (turcz.) Baill.

In order to study the differences of morphology and anatomy between the root, stem and rhizome, one year old, two years old and six years old Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill were used as experiment materials and we also observed the morphogenesis of rhizome from seedling of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Through the determination of soluble sugar, soluble protein, hormone and peroxidase isoenzyme in the process of formation of rhizome, we try to reveal the relations between the formation mechanism and these factors.The experiment results were as follows:1. Development of the rhizome was similar to stem, both of them can be divided into promeristem, primary and secondary growth three stages. However, the ultrastructure of primary growth was different, for example, there was a special membrane clinging on the first layer cell of stem tip, and it was much more developed than rhizome tip with completed envelope, more plastids and less vacuoles, while the rhizome tip had more vacuoles and lipid droplets. Furthermore, they had other differences in tip type and secondary structure, for example, the rhizome tip was bendy and the proportion of secondary growth of the rhizome was less than stem.2. Secondary structure of root was composed of periderm, cambium layer, secondary xylem and phloem, while we didn't find the parenchyma cells with lignification, developing patterns of primary structure of rhizome is endarch, which is different of developing patterns of primary structure of root.3. One year axillary bud of cotyledon could develop to rhizome in late August-early September slowly, and the axillary bud of rough leaf to the eighth euphylla would develop into rhizome finally when the condition was appropriate. Rotiform rhizomes were concentrated and whorled in the base of stem. Ultrastructure of axillary bud on the higher node have more differences from rough leaf, it would be decided in early stage that whether axillary bud of cotyledon develop to rhizome or not.4. Rhizome tip of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill had higher content of soluble sugar at initial and dormant period, which reflects the rhizome is different with other plants'rhizome. We found the rhizome not only had the reproductive function, but also had certain of storage feature, so the rhizome competed with the ground on nutrition. There was relationship between the content of soluble protein and the strong level of growth, and in the vigorous growth of rhizome, soluble protein content was consequently higher.5. There was a great difference of peroxidase isoenzyme map in different developmental period and different type of buds in the process of the formation and development rhizome. The buds which can develop into rhizome have two more POD isoenzyme bands than the buds can't develop into rhizome. The two POD isoenzyme bands is specific zymogram.6. Levels of ABA and ZR were higher in formation period of rhizomes of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, which were conducive to induce rhizome. Levels IAA and GA3 were higher in the elongation growth stage, which were essential to rhizome elongation.