Institutional Analysis Of Agricultural Production Performance During The Period Of People's Commune

Since the reform and opening up, China's socialist modernization construction has made great achievements, the comprehensive national power, the people's living standards have improved significantly, however the phenomenon of social imbalance is getting serious, rural-urban development divide is getting widen,and issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area is highlighted. Since the new century, the work of agriculture, farmer and rural area become the top concern of our party, at present, socialistic new countryside construction is being carried out all over, but there are still a lot of malaises behind this. In this context, the study of issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area during people's commune period is important. On one hand, solving the problem of issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area must be comprehensively reviewed from the historical perspective, and people's communes hit the bright imprint to China today; On the other hand, the core of people's commune system is power excessive concentration, another angle is that civil liberties is too little. The current work of supporting rural is mainly from agriculture material aspect. The attention of farmer autonomy is shortage. Both is interlinked.This paper attempts to use the related theory of new institutional economics, the empirical analysis combined with normative analysis of period of people's commune, agricultural production performance problems on thoroughly analyzed, analysis of people's communes period reasons of the low agricultural production performance, reveals the essence of the people's commune system, and hoping that has certain enlightenment significance to today's issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area. This paper insists that the rational hypotheses of peasant farmers and in certain environmental constraints they make the most favorable choice. They are the main body of agriculture production, and whether farming system admits what is its rationality postulate produced that meet the farmers is the key to production performance. The centralized system of people's communes'agricultural production performance is very low. This conclusion can be concluded not only from different periods of agricultural production performance but also compared with autonomy from the family sideline production. System is the key factor that affects economic performance; similarly, farming system of people's commune period is a main reason causing the low agricultural production performance. Farming system of people's commune period can be analyzed from the three aspects: property rights system and distribution system, management system. In earlier stage, property rights system embodied in"large in size and collective in nature", after 1962 this was embodied in"Three possess, team based". The distribution system in earlier stage was embodied in absolute equalitarianism of public canteen. Since 1962 it reflected a certain distribution according to work for the"properties of the work split". The management system is a single planning system. So how and why the system arrangement resulted in low production performance is the focus of the chapter four and five. As a basic institutional arrangement, the property rights system, on the one hand, its uncertainty impacts the farmers' income expectation; on the other hand, the unreasonable structure caused huge external costs. Because of unreasonable people's communes'distribution system, the incentive is insufficient, affecting the efficiency of resource allocation. Due to people's communes insisted planning system, it produced a considerable amount of supervision and management costs. Thus, the period of people's commune farming system's earnings - cost was imbalance, leading to low performance of agricultural production.