Study On The Social Relief Of The National Government In Anti-japanese War

During the war of resistance against japenese aggression, the national government set up the highest social administrative agency- the social department, which responsibility for the social affairs in the special time.Social department had experienced the development of central social department and the executive yuan social department. The central social department, which was subordinate to the nationalist party. Meanwhile, the Social department became a part of the executive yuan and were managed by government. The social department not only took over parts of functions from the former, but also had new functions.Such as traning people, developing social movements,social welfare,social relief and cooperative enterprise. Due to the widely range of it's functions, this article focus on the social relief.To make effective use of government relief, social department found a special institutions--social welfare department, which only deal with the social relief affairs and supervised by the fifth branch. What's more, the national government didn't equipped with committee for relief in charge of the temporary work.But the social department did the regular relief work. In the war time,thanks to the division powers of the two,it is comfortable and benefit for the government to begin the related work. To better service, social department passed a series of laws and regulations, opend demonstration relief facilities, conducted related relief movement, encouraged and supervised the charity work of the folk organizations, promoted the development of local relief institutions.Besides,under the conducting of government, the social department,committee for relief,other relevant organizations and non-governmental organizations in cooperation with each other and work together.In this special time, the nation will play a leading role in the work of the social department. The government relief changed it's form. Such as changed from"charity type" "negative temorary type" to"welfare type" "positive rugular type". In reference to the relief of western government and combined with the national reality,our social relief began to work.In war time, though the government passed a lot of laws and rules to promote the social relief,most of laws still stayed on paper and didn't carry out carefully. Besides other problem such as corruption and financial limitations, lack of relief facilities, experts insufficient and government relief area narrow, also limited it's ideal development.