Studies Of The Development Of The Ts'ao-shih And The Chen-shih During The Five Dynasties And Ten Kingdoms

The ts'ao-shih and the chen-shih during the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms, comparing with T'ang , have a great development .The mushroom growth of the northern ts'ao-shih, the rapid progress from ts'ao-shih to chen-shih in southern China ,the change from chen to chen-shih and chou(prefecture) ,Jun ,Hsien (county) in northern China, great increase of the new Chen-shih in Southern China , a good deal of changes from chen-shih to Hsien in northern and southern China, are all evidences in support of the development of the ts'ao-shih and the chen-shih during this period. They are not only the inevitable result of strengthening commerce in the agricultural field ,the development of folk industry, the change of the tax system and the localization of the financial power,but also the result of the governor's encouragement to the development of market and commerce , which is different from the policy during the time of centralization and unity. At the same time ,the development of the ts'ao-shih and the chen-shih during the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms laid a solid foundation for the mushroom growth of the chen-shih in Song dynasty and the rising of the position of the chen-shih in Song dynasty. Meantime , it also reflect the substantial change of the economic construction of feudal society during this period.