This paper concentrates on the population of Macau during the Ming and Qing Dynasties(1557-1840) in four parts: the changes and reasons of population quality; the characteristics of population structure; residences and occupations of the Chinese in Macau; racial structures and occupations of foreigners in Macau. Through the investigations on the general situations and different aspects of Macau's population, the author shows the living situation of the people from all the countries in Macau under the condition of the rise and fall in economic and trade of Macau during the Ming and Qing dynasties, considers the population situation with characteristics of Macau in the Ming and Qing dynasties as the results of given political and economic condition, and confirms the important for the development of Macau.
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